Digging deeper in the differential effects of inflammatory and psychosocial stressors in remitted depression

Subtitle:effects on cognitive functioning

Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, which can persist during remission. Both inflammatory states and psychosocial stress play a role in MDD pathogenesis. Methods The effects of inflammatory (i.e., Salmonella typhi vaccine) and psychosocial stressor (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test), as well as their combination were investigated on cognition in women (aged 2545 years, n = 21) with (partially) remitted MDD and healthy controls (n = 18) in a single-blind placebo-controlled study. In a crossover design, patients received on the first day one of the aforementioned interventions and on the other day a placebo, or vice versa, with a washout period of 714 days. Short-term and verbal memory, working memory, attention, verbal fluency, information processing speed, psychomotor function, and measures of attentional bias to emotions were measured. Exploratory analyses were performed to assess the correlation between biomarkers of inflammation and the HypothalamicPituitaryAdrenal axis and cognitive functioning. Results In patients, inflammatory stress decreased information processing speed and verbal memory, and increased working memory; after psychosocial stress, there was an increase in attention. There was also an increased negative attentional bias in patients after inflammatory stress. Neither stressor had any effect in controls. Limitiations Limitations are the relatively small sample size and antidepressant use by a part of the participants. The effects of the stressors were also measured a relatively short period after administration. Conculsion Patients were sensitive to the cognitive effects of inflammation and psychosocial stress on cognition, while controls were not.

Publication year:2019

Keywords:A1 Journal article

BOF-keylabel:yes

BOF-publication weight:2

CSS-citation score:1

Authors:International

Authors from:Higher Education

Accessibility:Open