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How can the operating environment for nutrition research be improved in Sub-Saharan Africa? The views of African researchers Universiteit Antwerpen Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Gent

Kathleen Van Royen, Carl Lachat, Michelle Holdsworth, Karlien Smit, Joyce Kinabo, Dominique Roberfroid, Eunice Nago, Christopher Garimoi Orach, Patrick Kolsteren
Optimal nutrition is critical for human development and economic growth. Sub-Saharan Africa is facing high levels of food insecurity and only few sub-Saharan African countries are on track to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by 2015. Effective research capacity is crucial for addressing emerging challenges and designing appropriate mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa. A clear understanding of the operating environment for nutrition ...

Geographic distribution and ecological niche of plague in sub-Saharan Africa Universiteit Antwerpen KU Leuven

Simon Neerinckx, Andrew T. Peterson, Hubert Gulinck, Jozef Deckers, Herwig Leirs
Background Plague is a rapidly progressing, serious illness in humans that is likely to be fatal if not treated. It remains a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of plague's highly focal nature, a thorough ecological understanding of the general distribution pattern of plague across sub-Saharan Africa has not been established to date. In this study, we used human plague data from sub-Saharan Africa for 19702007 in an ...

Pregnancy and childbirth after repair of obstetric fistula in sub-Saharan Africa : scoping review Universiteit Gent Vrije Universiteit Brussel Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Alexandre Delamou, Bettina Utz, Therese Delvaux, Abdoul Habib Beavogui, Asm Shahabuddin, Akoi Koivogui, Alain Leveque, Wei Hong Zhang, Vincent De Brouwere
OBJECTIVE: To synthesise the evidence on pregnancy and childbirth after repair of obstetric fistula in sub-Saharan Africa and to identify the existing knowledge gaps. METHODS: A scoping review of studies reporting on pregnancy and childbirth in women who underwent repair for obstetric fistula in sub-Saharan Africa was conducted. We searched relevant articles published between 1 January 1970 and 31 March 2016, without methodological or language ...

A systematic review of missed opportunities for improving tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS control in Sub-saharan Africa Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Basile Keugoung, Florent Ymele Fouelifack, Richard Fotsing, Jean Macq, Jean Meli, Bart Criel

In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis are major public health problems. In 2010, 64% of the 34 million of people infected with HIV were reported to be living in sub-Saharan Africa. Only 41% of eligible HIV-positive people had access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Regarding tuberculosis, in 2010, the region had 12% of the world's population but reported 26% of the 8.8 million incident cases and 254000 tuberculosis-related deaths. ...

Doctors and vampires in sub-Saharan Africa Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde KU Leuven Vrije Universiteit Brussel Universiteit Gent

Koen Peeters, Joan Muela Ribera, Annette Erhart, Sarah Hoibak, Raffaella Ravinetto, Charlotte Gryseels, Susan Dierickx, Sarah O`Neill, Susanna Hausmann Muela, Umberto D'Alessandro, et al.

Collecting blood samples from individuals recruited into clinical research projects in sub-Saharan Africa can be challenging. Strikingly, one of the reasons for participant reticence is the occurrence of local rumors surrounding "blood stealing" or "blood selling." Such fears can potentially have dire effects on the success of research projects--for example, high dropout rates that would invalidate the trial's results--and have ethical ...

Molecular improvement of tropical maize for drought stress tolerance in sub-Saharan Africa Universiteit Gent

Sylvester Anami, Marc De Block, Jesse Machuka, Maria Van Lijsebettens
The C4 grass Zea mays (maize or corn) is the third most important food crop globally after wheat and rice in terms of production and the second most widespread genetically modified (GM) crop, after soybean. Its demand is predicted to increase by 45% by the year 2020. In sub-Saharan Africa, tropical maize has traditionally been the main staple of the diet, 95% of the maize grown is consumed directly as human food and as an important source of ...

Extending the Developmental Milestones Checklist for use in a different context in Sub-Saharan Africa Universiteit Gent

Elizabeth L Prado, Amina A Abubakar, Souheila Abbeddou, Elizabeth Y Jimenez, Jérôme W Somé, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo
Aim: Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate amount of global diseases related to neurodevelopmental delays in infancy, including malnutrition, malaria and HIV. Evaluating interventions to prevent such delays requires developmental assessment tools appropriate for Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to develop and evaluate such a tool. Methods: The Developmental Milestones Checklist (DMC) was developed in Kenya to provide motor, language ...

The impact of HIV-1 on the malaria parasite biomass in adults in sub-Saharan Africa contributes to the emergence of antimalarial drug resistance Universiteit Antwerpen Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden, Joris Menten, Robert Colebunders, Eline Korenromp, Umberto d' Alessandro
Background HIV-related immune-suppression increases the risk of malaria (infection, disease and treatment failure) and probably the circulating parasite biomass, favoring the emergence of drug resistance parasites. Methods The additional malaria parasite biomass related to HIV-1 co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa was estimated by a mathematical model. Parasite biomass was computed as the incidence rate of clinical malaria episodes multiplied by ...

Norms, self-interest and effectiveness: explaining double standards in EU reactions to violations of democratic principles in sub-Saharan Africa Universiteit Gent

Karen Del Biondo
The promotion of democracy has become a key objective of the European Union (EU) in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the ways in which this objective is pursued is by reacting to violations of democratic principles using negative measures: naming and shaming strategies or economic/diplomatic sanctions. Yet the application of negative measures has been criticised as being characterised by U+201Edouble standardsU+201F, meaning that similar violations of ...

Real CSR or hoodwinking? The role of communication in enhancing CSR in sub-Saharan Africa Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Sarah Karinge, Katia Segers
In theory, corporate social responsibility(CSR)assumes that private companies can become vital development agents provided that they work as joint stakeholders and in partnership with governments and communities. In recent years published evidence r suggests that the business community's pursuit for effective social impact has been advancing towards the tipping point described by Malcolm Gladwell (2000). Subsequently, we find that even within ...