Biochanin a enhances the defense against Salmonella enterica infection through AMPK/ULK1/mTOR-mediated autophagy and extracellular traps and reversing SPI-1-dependent macrophage (MΦ) M2 polarization Universiteit Gent
A novel treatment regimen for bacterial infections is the pharmacological enhancement of the host's immune defenses. We demonstrated that biochanin A (BCA), an isoflavone constituent in some plants, could enhance both intra- and extracellular bactericidal activity of host cells. First, BCA could induce a complete autophagic response in nonphagocytic cells (HeLa) or macrophages (M Phi) via the AMPK/ULK1/mTOR pathway and Beclin-1-dependent manner, ...