Publicaties

This article examines the formation and activities of international copper cartels during the interwar period by focusing on the Union Miniere du Haut Katanga (UHMK), one of the principal new entrants at that time. Rather than seeing interwar copper cartels as an expression of the rise of the American copper industry, cartels gradually came to reflect the expansion of production world-wide by absorbing new entry. New entrants were crucial in ...

How many cartels are there, and how long do they live? The answers to these questions are important in assessing the need for competition policy. We present a Hidden Markov Model that takes into account that often it is not known whether a cartel exists or not. We take the model to data from a period of legal cartels - Finnish manufacturing industries 1951 - 1990. Our estimates suggest that once born, cartels are persistent; by the end of the ...

By comparing criminal careers of individuals who have sexually offended to those who have not sexually offended, the current study examines whether their criminal career parameters and trajectories differ. National conviction records (entire criminal history and about 18 years of follow-up after index offence) from Belgium and the Netherlands are used to describe and compare the criminal careers of individuals involved in sexual or non-sexual ...

Since pioneering work of Choi Gerlach in 2012, not much game theoretical literature has followed to address issues of global cartel formation and international antitrust enforcement. This article addresses this gap, especially with regards to multi-jurisdictional leniency applications. It is found that multi-jurisdictional leniency applications expose international cartel leniency applicants to various risks and have high transaction costs. ...

From climate change over shale gas to the race for the Arctic, energy makes headlines in international politics almost daily. Thijs Van de Graaf argues that energy is in dire need of global governance. He traces the history of international energy cooperation from the notorious 'Seven Sisters' oil-companies cartel to the recent creation of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). He analyses how international institutions have been ...

In the early twentieth century, millions of passengers crossed the
North Atlantic. The vast majority were migrants relocating to
North America or returning to Europe; less known is the growing
number of tourists comprising predominantly of affluent
Americans heading for Europe. Organising this vast passenger
traffic was a sophisticated and self-regulated passenger business
dominated by British and German companies ...

Diamonds, copper, tin, uranium, cobalt, etc., were arguably the most important minerals extracted from the Congo. While there has been plenty of attention for economic policy, taxation and coercive labour systems, this chapter focuses on the importance of international cartel agreements for the production and sales of mineral commodities extracted from the Congo. This chapter shows how colonial industries actively participated in cartels, as ...