Assessment of leachable elements in volcanic ashfall: A review and evaluation of a standardized protocol for ash hazard characterization Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Volcanic ash presents a widespread and common hazard during and after eruptions. Complex interactions between solid ash surfaces and volcanic gases lead to the formation of soluble salts that may be mobilized in aqueous environments. A variety of stakeholders may be concerned about the effects of ash on human and animal health, drinking water supplies, crops, soils and surface runoff. As part of the immediate emergency response, rapid ...