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Virulence factor genes in invasive Escherichia coli are associated with clinical outcomes and disease severity in patients with sepsis : a prospective observational cohort study Universiteit Gent Universiteit Hasselt

Valentino D'Onofrio, Reinoud Cartuyvels, Peter E. A. Messiaen, Ivan Barišić, Inge C. Gyssens
Background: Escherichia coli harbours virulence factors that facilitate the development of bloodstream infections. Studies determining virulence factors in clinical isolates often have limited access to clinical data and lack associations with patient outcome. The goal of this study was to correlate sepsis outcome and virulence factors of clinical E. coli isolates in a large cohort. Methods: Patients presenting at the emergency department whose ...

Molecular structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor, mycolic acid, determines the elicited inflammatory pattern Universiteit Gent Universiteit Antwerpen

Seppe Vander Beken, Juma'a R Al Dulayymi, Thomas Naessens, Gani Koza, Max Maza-Iglesias, Richard Rowles, Cornelia Theunissen, Jelle De Medts, Ellen Lanckacker, Mark S Baird, et al.
Mycolic acids (MAs) occur in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as variable mixtures of different classes and chain lengths. Here, we address the relationship between the structure and its inflammatory function of this virulence factor using single synthetic MA isomers, differing in oxygenation class and cis-versus alpha-methyl-trans proximal cyclopropane orientation. Analysis of bronchoalveolar inflammation, lung histopathology and ...

Differential dynamics and impacts of prophages and plasmids on the pangenome and virulence factor repertoires of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O145:H28 Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Keiji Nakamura, Kazunori Murase, Mitsuhiko P Sato, Atsushi Toyoda, Takehiko Itoh, Jacques Georges Mainil, Denis Pierard, Shuji Yoshino, Keiko Kimata, Junko Isobe, et al.

Phages and plasmids play important roles in bacterial evolution and diversification. Although many draft genomes have been generated, phage and plasmid genomes are usually fragmented, limiting our understanding of their dynamics. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of 239 draft genomes and 7 complete genomes of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O145:H28, the major virulence factors of which are encoded by prophages (PPs) or ...

Q586B2 is a crucial virulence factor during the early stages of Trypanosoma brucei infection that is conserved amongst trypanosomatids KU Leuven Vrije Universiteit Brussel Universiteit Antwerpen Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie

Hannelie Korf
Human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, is characterized by the manipulation of the host's immune response to ensure parasite invasion and persistence. Uncovering key molecules that support parasite establishment is a prerequisite to interfere with this process. We identified Q586B2 as a T. brucei protein that induces IL-10 in myeloid cells, which promotes parasite infection ...

Ubiquitination of Listeria virulence factor InlC contributes to the host response to infection Universiteit Gent

E Gouin, D Balestrino, O Rasid, MA Nahori, V Villiers, Francis Impens, S Volant, T Vogl, Y Jacob, O Dussurget, et al.
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium causing potentially fatal foodborne infections in humans and animals. While the mechanisms used by Listeria to manipulate its host have been thoroughly characterized, how the host controls bacterial virulence factors remains to be extensively deciphered. Here, we found that the secreted Listeria virulence protein InlC is monoubiquitinated by the host cell machinery on K224, restricting infection. ...

Necrotrophic growth of periodontopathogens is a novel virulence factor in oral biofilms KU Leuven Universiteit Gent

Esteban Rodríguez Herrero, Kristel Bernaerts, Vera Slomka, Marc Quirynen, Wim Teughels
The oral use of antimicrobial agents embedded in toothpastes and mouth rinses results in an oral microbial massacre with high amounts of dead bacteria in close proximity to few surviving bacteria. It was hypothesized that this provides the surviving pathogenic bacteria a large amount of dead microbial biomass as a nutritional source for growth (necrotrophy). This study demonstrated the necrotrophic growth of periodontal pathogens in the presence ...

Novel thiazolidinedione-hydroxamates as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor Zmp1 Universiteit Antwerpen

Veronika Slachtova, Marek Sebela, Eveline Torfs, Lauren Oorts, Davie Cappoen, Karel Berka, Vaclav Bazgier, Lucie Brulikova
Zinc metalloprotease 1 (Zmp1) is an extracellular enzyme, which has been found essential for the intracellular survival and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of novel thiazolidinedione-hydroxamates and evaluated in silica their drug-likeness behavior. Then, their inhibitory properties towards a recombinant Zmp1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Nine of the ...

The virulence factor urease and its unexplored role in the metabolism of Cryptococcus neoformans Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Barbra Toplis, Caylin Bosch, Ilan S Schwartz, Christopher Kenyon, Teun Boekhout, John R Perfect, Alfred Botha

Cryptococcal urease is believed to be important for the degradation of exogenous urea that the yeast encounters both in its natural environment and within the human host. Endogenous urea produced by the yeast's own metabolic reactions, however, may also serve as substrate for the urease enzyme. Using wild-type, urease-deletion mutant and urease-reconstituted strains of Cryptococcus neoformans H99, we studied reactions located up- and ...