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Passive case detection of malaria in Ratanakiri Province (Cambodia) to detect villages at higher risk for malaria Universiteit Antwerpen Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Somony Heng, Lies Durnez, Sokny Mao, Sovannaroth Siv, Sochantha Tho, Vanna Mean, Vincent Sluydts, Marc Coosemans
Background: Cambodia reduced malaria incidence by more than 75% between 2000 and 2015, a target of the Millennium Development Goal 6. The Cambodian Government aims to eliminate all forms of malaria by 2025. The country's malaria incidence is highly variable at provincial level, but less is known at village level. This study used passive case detection (PCD) data at village level in Ratanakiri Province from 2010 to 2014 to describe incidence ...

Spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia Universiteit Antwerpen Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Vincent Sluydts, Somony Heng, Marc Coosemans, Lies Durnez, et al.
Background: Malaria incidence worldwide has steadily declined over the past decades. Consequently, increasingly more countries will proceed from control to elimination. The malaria distribution in low incidence settings appears patchy, and local transmission hotspots are a continuous source of infection. In this study, species-specific clusters and associated risk factors were identified based on malaria prevalence data collected in the ...

Importance of household-level risk factors in explaining micro-epidemiology of asymptomatic malaria infections in Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Melanie Kate Bannister-Tyrrell, Set Srun, Vincent Sluydts, Charlotte Gryseels, Vanna Mean, Saorin Kim, Mao Sokny, Koen Peeters, Marc Coosemans, Didier Menard, et al.

Heterogeneity in malaria risk is considered a challenge for malaria elimination. A cross-sectional study was conducted to describe and explain micro-epidemiological variation in Plasmodium infection prevalence at household and village level in three villages in Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia. A two-level logistic regression model with a random intercept fitted for each household was used to model the odds of Plasmodium infection, with ...

Households or hotspots? Defining intervention targets for malaria elimination in Ratanakiri Province, eastern Cambodia Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Melanie Kate Bannister-Tyrrell, Meryam Krit, Vincent Sluydts, Sochantha Tho, Mao Sokny, Vanna Mean, Saorin Kim, Didier Menard, Koen Peeters, Steven Abrams, et al.

BACKGROUND: Malaria "hotspots" have been proposed as potential intervention units for targeted malaria elimination. Little is known about hotspot formation and stability in settings outside sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS: Clustering of Plasmodium infections at the household and hotspot level was assessed over 2 years in 3 villages in eastern Cambodia. Social and spatial autocorrelation statistics were calculated to assess clustering of ...

Geographical patterns of malaria transmission based on serological markers for falciparum and vivax malaria in Ratanakiri, Cambodia Universiteit Antwerpen Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Karen Kerkhof, Vincent Sluydts, Somony Heng, Saorin Kim, Myrthe Pareyn, Laura Willen, Lydie Canier, Siv Sovannaroth, Didier Ménard, Tho Sochantha, et al.
Background Malaria transmission is highly heterogeneous, especially in low endemic countries, such as Cambodia. This results in geographical clusters of residual transmission in the dry, low transmission season, which can fuel the transmission to wider areas or populations during the wet season. A better understanding of spatial clustering of malaria can lead to a more efficient, targeted strategy to reduce malaria transmission. This study aims ...

Identification and characterization of areas of high and low risk for asymptomatic malaria infections at sub-village level in Ratanakiri, Cambodia Universiteit Antwerpen Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Lies Durnez, Myrthe Pareyn, Vanna Mean, Saorin Kim, Nimol Khim, Didier Menard, Marc Coosemans, Tho Sochantha, Vincent Sluydts
Background Malaria elimination needs a concentration of activities towards identification of residual transmission foci and intensification of efforts to eliminate the last few infections, located in so-called malaria hotspots. Previous work on characterizing malaria transmission hotspots has mainly focused on falciparum malaria and especially on symptomatic cases, while the malaria reservoir is expected to be mainly concentrated in the ...

A critical enquiry into variability of insecticidal net use in Cambodia: implications for assessing appropriateness of malaria elimination interventions Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Charlotte Gryseels, Melanie Kate Bannister-Tyrrell, Sambunny Uk, Srun Set, Sokha Suon, Rene Gerrets, Koen Peeters

Distributing long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) to individuals living in malaria-endemic regions is a cornerstone of global malaria control. National malaria control programs aim to achieve "universal coverage" of at-risk populations to reach LLINs' full potential to reduce malaria, progress of which is then measured by indicators constructed from standardized questionnaires. Through an exploration of variability in LLIN use in Cambodia, ...

Efficacy of topical mosquito repellent (picaridin) plus long-lasting insecticidal nets versus long-lasting insecticidal nets alone for control of malaria: a cluster randomised controlled trial Universiteit Antwerpen Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Vincent Sluydts, Lies Durnez, Somony Heng, Charlotte Gryseels, Lydie Canier, Saorin Kim, Karel Van Roey, Karen Kerkhof, Nimol Khim, Sokny Mao, et al.
Summary Background Although eff ective topical repellents provide personal protection against malaria, whether mass use of topical repellents in addition to long-lasting insecticidal nets can contribute to a further decline of malaria is not known, particularly in areas where outdoor transmission occurs. We aimed to assess the epidemiological effi cacy of a highly eff ective topical repellent in addition to long-lasting insecticidal nets in ...

Re-imagining malaria Universiteit Antwerpen Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Charlotte Gryseels, Lies Durnez, René Gerrets, Vincent Sluydts, Marc Coosemans, et al.
Background In certain regions in Southeast Asia, where malaria is reduced to forested regions populated by ethnic minorities dependent on slash-and-burn agriculture, malaria vector populations have developed a propensity to feed early and outdoors, limiting the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). The interplay between heterogeneous human, as well as mosquito behaviour, radically ...

Implementation and application of a multiplex assay to detect malaria-specific antibodies Universiteit Antwerpen Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Karen Kerkhof, Lydie Canier, Saorin Kim, Somony Heng, Tho Sochantha, Siv Sovannaroth, Ines Vigan-Womas, Marc Coosemans, Vincent Sluydts, Didier Menard, et al.
Background Epidemiological surveillance is a key activity in malaria control and elimination in low-transmission and pre-elimination settings. Hence, sensitive tools for estimating malaria force of infection are crucial. Serological markers might provide additional information in estimating force of infection in low-endemic areas along with classical parasite detection methods. Serological markers can be used to estimate recent, past or present ...