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Involvement of 5-HT2A receptors in the effects of a classic psychedelic on threat- and stress-related behavior in mice. Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Blazej Dariusz Pedzich
We currently witness a revival of interest in clinical explorations of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) led to acute reduction in fear and long-term treatment efficacy. Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy caused a long-lasting reduction of depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant patients. The American Food and ...

The impact of sensation seeking personality trait on acute alcohol-induced disinhibition Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Luqing Wei, Fanxi Ding, Mingliang Gong, Chris Baeken, Guo-Rong Wu

BACKGROUND: Acute alcohol-related behavioral disinhibition has been well studied. But whether individual differences in the personality trait sensation seeking affect alcohol-induced behavioral disinhibition remains uncertain.

METHODS: The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique and a response inhibition task (i.e., Go/No-Go) to determine the impact of the sensation seeking trait on the relationship ...

Cannabinoid receptor availability modulates the magnitude of dopamine release in vivo in the human reward system: A preliminary multitracer positron emission tomography study KU Leuven

Jenny Ceccarini, Michel Koole, Koen Van Laere
The established role of dopamine (DA) in the mediation of reward and positive reinforcement, reward processing is strongly influenced by the type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 Rs). Although considerable preclinical evidence has demonstrated several functional CB1 R-DA interactions, the relation between human CB1 R availability, DA release capacity and drug-reinforcing effects has been never investigated so far. Here, we perform a multitracer [18 ...

EEG connectivity between the subgenual anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in response to antidepressant medication Vrije Universiteit Brussel Universiteit Gent

Tabitha A Iseger, Mayuresh S Korgaonkar, J Leon Kenemans, Stuart M Grieve, Chris Baeken, Martijn Arns

Antidepressant medication is the most common treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), however, the precise working mechanism underlying these treatments remains unclear. Recent neuromodulation treatments demonstrate that direct stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC) relate to clinical improvement, suggesting connectivity alterations of ...

Neural signatures of cognitive flexibility and reward sensitivity following nicotinic receptor stimulation in dependent smokers : a randomized trial Universiteit Gent

Elise Lesage, Sarah E. Aronson, Matthew T. Sutherland, Thomas J. Ross, Betty Jo Salmeron, Elliot A. Stein
IMPORTANCE Withdrawal from nicotine is an important contributor to smoking relapse. Understanding how reward-based decision making is affected by abstinence and by pharmacotherapies such as nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline tartrate may aid cessation treatment. OBJECTIVE To independently assess the effects of nicotine dependence and stimulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the ability to interpret valence information ...

Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) Universiteit Antwerpen

Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, Andrea Antal, Samar S. Ayache, David H. Benninger, Jerome Brunelin, Filippo Cogiamanian, Maria Cotelli, Dirk De Ridder, Roberta Ferrucci, Berthold Langguth, et al.
A group of European experts was commissioned by the European Chapter of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology to gather knowledge about the state of the art of the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) from studies published up until September 2016, regarding pain, Parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, motor stroke, poststroke aphasia, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, ...

Humane studies over de rol van de cannabinoidreceptoren en fosfodiesterase 10A enzyme in neurodegeneratieve ziekten. KU Leuven

1. Background and achievements of our research group The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is strongly involved in various physiological central nervous system (CNS) functions including motor activity, cognition, behaviour and immune response 1. CB1 receptors (CB1R) are the most widely expressed G-coupled receptors in the brain and directly or indirectly modulate major neurotransmitters such as glutamate, GABA and dopamine. CB2 receptors (CB2R) ...

Quinolinic acid injection in mouse medial prefrontal cortex affects reversal learning abilities, cortical connectivity and hippocampal synaptic plasticity Vrije Universiteit Brussel KU Leuven Universiteit Antwerpen

Amira Latif-Hernandez, Disha Shah, Tariq Ahmed, Adrian C Lo, Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh, Annemie Van Der Linden, Detlef Balschun, Rudi D'Hooge

Intracerebral injection of the excitotoxic, endogenous tryptophan metabolite, quinolinic acid (QA), constitutes a chemical model of neurodegenerative brain disease. Complementary techniques were combined to examine the consequences of QA injection into medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of C57BL6 mice. In accordance with the NMDAR-mediated synapto- and neurotoxic action of QA, we found an initial increase in excitability and an augmentation of ...

Cocaine cue-induced dopamine release in the human prefrontal cortex Universiteit Antwerpen

Michele S. Milella, Aryandokht Fotros, Paul Gravel, Kevin F. Casey, Kevin Larcher, Jeroen Verhaeghe, Sylvia M. L. Cox, Andrew J. Reader, Alain Dagher, Chawki Benkelfat, et al.
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence indicates that drug-related cues can induce dopamine (DA) release in the striatum of substance abusers. Whether these same cues provoke DA release in the human prefrontal cortex remains unknown. METHODS: We used high-resolution positron emission tomography with [18F]fallypride to measure cortical and striatal DA D2/3 receptor availability in the presence versus absence of drug-related cues in volunteers with ...

The impact of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on fine motor functions in medication-resistant major depression Vrije Universiteit Brussel Universiteit Gent Universiteit Antwerpen

Didier L Schrijvers, Chris Baeken, Rudi De Raedt, Bernard Sabbe

OBJECTIVES: Although high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been reported to improve mood symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD), research on its impact on psychomotor symptoms is scarce. This study assessed the psychomotor effects of 1 and 10 sessions, respectively, of HF-rTMS over the left DLPFC.

METHODS: Ten HF-rTMS sessions were applied in ...