Carbon load in airway macrophages, an internal biomarker of human exposure to combustion-derived particulate air pollution KU Leuven
Background Precisely assessing exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution plays an essential role in understanding the exposure-response relationships identified by epidemiological studies. Individual exposure to PM was generally inferred from measurements made by monitoring stations, portable monitoring devices, or modeled by geographic information systems. These techniques are based on estimating or measuring external exposure, which ...