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From multidrug- to extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: upward trends as seen from a 15-year nationwide study Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

K. Stoffels, C. Allix-Beguec, G. Groenen, M. Wanlin, D. Berkvens, V. Mathys, P. Supply, M. Fauville-Dufaux
BACKGROUND: Emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) represents an enormous challenge to Public Health globally. METHODS: Progression towards XDR-TB was investigated in Belgium, a country with a typically low TB incidence, by analyzing the magnitude, characteristics, and treatment success of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) through a population-based study from 1994 to 2008. RESULTS: Among the 174 MDR-TB patients, ...

TOGETHER project to increase understanding of the HIV epidemic among sub-Saharan African migrants: protocol of community-based participatory mixed-method studies Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen

Jasna Loos, Bea Vuylsteke, Lazare Manirankunda, J Deblonde, Ilse Kint, Fiona Namanya, Katrien Fransen, Robert Colebunders, Marie Laga, Dorothy Adobea, et al.
Background: Sub-Saharan African Migrants (SAM) are the second largest group affected by HIV/AIDS in Belgium and the rest of Western Europe. Increasing evidence shows that, more than previously thought, SAM are acquiring HIV in their host countries. This calls for a renewed focus on primary prevention. Yet, knowledge on the magnitude of the HIV epidemic among SAM (HIV prevalence estimates and proportions of undiagnosed HIV infections) and ...

Sensitivity to reward and adolescents' unhealthy snacking and drinking behavior Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde KU Leuven Universiteit Gent Vrije Universiteit Brussel

N. De Cock, W. Van Lippevelde, L. Goossens, B. De Clercq, J. Vangeel, C. Lachat, K. Beullens, L. Huybregts, L. Vervoort, S. Eggermont, et al.
BACKGROUND: Although previous research found a positive association between sensitivity to reward (SR) and adolescents' unhealthy snacking and drinking behavior, mechanisms explaining these associations remain to be explored. The present study will therefore examine whether the associations between SR and unhealthy snack and/or sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake are mediated by external and/or emotional eating and if this mediation is ...

Assessment of human exposure to benzene through foods from the Belgian market Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Gent

R. Medeiro Vinci, Liesbeth Jacxsens, J. Van Loco, E. Matsiko, Carl Lachat, T. de Schaetzen, M. Canfyn, I. Van Overmeire, Patrick Kolsteren, B. De Meulenaer, et al.
Benzene is a volatile organic compound known to be carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and may be present in food. In the present study, 455 food samples from the Belgian market were analyzed for benzene contents and some possible sources of its occurrence in the foodstuffs were evaluated. Benzene was found above the level of detection in 58% of analyzed samples with the highest contents found in processed foods such as smoked and canned fish, and ...

HIV testing in primary care Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen

Jasna Loos, Kristin Hendrickx, Roy Remmen, Christiana Nöstlinger

Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) is recommended to reduce late HIV diagnoses, common among Sub-Saharan African migrants (SAM) residing in Europe. Primary care represents an ideal entry point for PITC. To support Flemish general practitioners (GPs), we developed a culturally sensitive PITC tool. Over a 12-week period, 65 GPs implemented PITC to assess acceptability and feasibility of PITC. The qualitative evaluation showed ...