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Skewing of the CD4+ T cell pool towards mono-functional antigen-specific responses in patients with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in The Gambia Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

H. Wilson, Bouke de Jong, K. Peterson, A Jaye, B. Kampmann, M.O. Ota, J.S. Sutherland

Background. A common complication of starting anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV is the development of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in approximately 25% of patients. Despite similarities with paradoxical reactions to tuberculosis and reversal reactions in leprosy, the exact mechanisms, and therefore potential determinants, of IRIS are still unknown. Methods. In this longitudinal cohort study, we analysed 20 patients who ...

mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccination induces potent antiviral T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected patients Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Ellen Van Gulck, Erika Vlieghe, Marc Vekemans, VF Van Tendeloo, A Van de Velde, E Smits, S Anguille, N. Cools, H Goossens, Winni De Haes, et al.

BACKGROUND: In an effort to raise protective antiviral immunity, dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy was evaluated in 6 adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and stable under antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN & METHODS:: Autologous monocyte-derived DC electroporated with mRNA encoding Gag and a chimeric Tat-Rev-Nef protein were administered, while patients remained on HAART. Feasibility, safety, immunogenicity and ...

Surface-engineered polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules-synthetic vaccines mimicking microbial structure and function Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

B.G. De Geest, M.A. Willart, B.N. Lambrecht, Charlotte Pollard, C. Vervaet, J.P. Remon, J. Grooten, S. De Koker

Immunizing: To evoke highly potent immune responses against recombinant antigens, hollow capsules consisting of layers of dextran sulphate and poly-L-arginine that encapsulate the antigen ovalbumin (orange circles) were coated with immune-activating CpG-containing oligonucleotides (green). These capsules were readily internalized by dendritic cells and showed activity in further immunization experiments.

"Wrapped up" vaccines in the context of HIV-1 immunotherapy Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Winni De Haes, C. Pollard, G. Vanham, J Rejman

Immune and viral correlates of "secondary viral control" after treatment interruption in chronically HIV-1 infected patients Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

E. Van Gulck, L. Bracke, Leo Heyndrickx, Sandra Coppens, D. Atkinson, C. Merlin, A. Pasternak, E. Florence, G. Vanham

Polyelectrolyte capsules-containing HIV-1 p24 and poly I:C modulate dendritic cells to stimulate HIV-1-specific immune responses Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Winni De Haes, S. De Koker, Charlotte Pollard, Derek Atkinson, Erika Vlieghe, Jessy Hoste, J Rejman, S. De Smedt, J. Grooten, Ellen Van Gulck, et al.

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules (MCs) are potent protein delivery vehicles which can be tailored with ligands to stimulate maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). We investigated the immune stimulatory capacity of monocyte-derived DC (Mo-DC) loaded with these MCs, containing p24 antigen from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) alone [p24-containing MC (MCp24)] or with the Toll-like receptor ligand 3 (TLR3) ligand poly I:C (MCp24pIC) as a ...

Simultaneous activation of viral antigen-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells using mRNA-electroporated CD40-activated autologous B-cells Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Glenn Van Den Bosch, Ellen Van Gulck, P Ponsaerts, G Nijs, M Lenjou, Ludwig Apers, Ilse Kint, Leo Heyndrickx, Guido Vanham, DR Van Bockstaele, et al.

Cellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- protective factors: a comparison of HIV-exposed seronegative sex workers and female blood donors in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

Wim Jennes, S Sawadogo, S Koblavi-Dème, C Maurice, TH Roels, T Chorba, JN Nkengasong

Cellular factors that may protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were investigated in 27 HIV-exposed seronegative (ESN) female sex workers (FSWs) and 27 HIV-seronegative female blood donors. Compared with blood donors, ESN FSWs had significantly decreased expression levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), but not of C-C chemokine receptor 5, on both memory (P<.001) and naive (P=.041) CD4(+) T cells. CXCR4 ...

Costimulation of CD4+ and CD8+ cells through CD26, the ADA-binding epitope is not essential for complete signaling Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

I De Meester, G Vanhoof, J Vingerhoets, P Gigase, S Scharpé

Early tracking after a missed return visit reduces the proportion of untraceable patients at a large HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

A. Nakiwogga-Muwanga, J. Musaazi, E Katabira, S. Alamo-Talisuna, Robert Colebunders

To determine the optimal time to track patients, we evaluated the outcomes of patients traced after missing their return visits at 3 periods, 8, 30, or 90 days, at the Infectious Diseases Clinic in Kampala, Uganda. During the study period from January to December 2011, the proportion of untraceable patients was 2 (4%) after 8 days, 12 (10%) after 30 days, and 13 (15%) after 90 days. More than 75% of the patients who died had a CD4 count of

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