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Lower levels of antiretroviral therapy enrollment among men with HIV compared with women - 12 countries, 2002-2013 Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Equitable access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for men and women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a principle endorsed by most countries and funding bodies, including the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Relief (PEPFAR) (1). To evaluate gender equity in ART access among adults (defined for this report as persons aged >/=15 years), 765,087 adult ART patient medical records from ...
Implementation of evidence-based antenatal care in Mozambique Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Gent
BACKGROUND: Antenatal care (ANC) reduces maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality directly through the detection and treatment of pregnancy-related illnesses, and indirectly through the detection of women at increased risk of delivery complications. The potential benefits of quality antenatal care services are most significant in low-resource countries where morbidity and mortality levels among women of reproductive age and neonates are ...
Safety of daily co-trimoxazole in pregnancy in an area of changing malaria epidemiology Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen KU Leuven
INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic therapy during pregnancy may be beneficial and impacts positively on the reduction of adverse pregnancy outcomes. No studies have been done so far on the effects of daily Co-trimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis on birth outcomes. A phase 3b randomized trial was conducted to establish that daily CTX in pregnancy is not inferior to SP intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in reducing placental malaria; preventing peripheral ...
Antiretroviral therapy enrollment characteristics and outcomes among HIV-infected adolescents and young adults compared with older adults - seven African countries, 2004-2013 Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Although scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2005 has contributed to declines of about 30% in the global annual number of human immunodeficiency (HIV)-related deaths and declines in global HIV incidence, estimated annual HIV-related deaths among adolescents have increased by about 50% and estimated adolescent HIV incidence has been relatively stable. In 2012, an estimated 2,500 (40%) of all 6,300 daily new HIV infections occurred ...
Retention and risk factors for attrition among adults in antiretroviral treatment programmes in Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde Universiteit Antwerpen
OBJECTIVES: We assessed retention and predictors of attrition (recorded death or loss to follow-up) in antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinics in Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among adults (>/=18 years) starting ART during 2003-2010. We purposefully selected six health facilities per country and randomly selected 250 patients from each facility. Patients who visited clinics at least once during ...
Use of expressed sequence tags as an alternative approach for the identification of Taenia solium metacestode excretion/secretion proteins Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde
BACKGROUND: Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is a zoonotic helminth infection mainly found in rural regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America. In endemic areas, diagnosis of cysticercosis largely depends on serology, but these methods have their drawbacks and require improvement. This implies better knowledge of the proteins secreted and excreted by the parasite. In a previous study, we used a custom protein database containing protein ...
The incidence of human cysticercosis in a rural community of Eastern Zambia Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde
A community-based longitudinal study was performed in the Eastern Province of Zambia, in which repeated serological samplings were done to determine the incidence of human cysticercosis. Three sampling rounds were carried out at six months intervals. A total of 867 participants presented for all three samplings. All samples were tested for the presence of cysticercus antigens using a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ...
Multidrug- and isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in three high HIV burden African regions Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde
SETTING: Despite major progress in the surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), data are lacking for many low-resource countries. World Health Organization estimates of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) rates in Africa are low, and based on very limited data from the African continent. OBJECTIVE: To measure MDR-TB prevalence in sub-Saharan African regions with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHOD: We conducted ...
Whole-genome sequencing of Theileria parva strains provides insight into parasite migration and diversification in the African continent Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde
The disease caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Theileria parva, known as East Coast fever or Corridor disease, is one of the most serious cattle diseases in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa. We performed whole-genome sequencing of nine T. parva strains, including one of the vaccine strains (Kiambu 5), field isolates from Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania, or Rwanda, and two buffalo-derived strains. Comparison with the reference Muguga ...