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Dichloroacetate Radiosensitizes Hypoxic Breast Cancer Cells Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Sven de Mey, Inès Dufait, Heng Jiang, Cyril Corbet, Hui Wang, Melissa Van De Gucht, Lisa Kerkhove, Ka Lun Law, Hugo Vandenplas, Thierry Gevaert, et al.

Mitochondrial metabolism is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Reprogramming metabolic pathways can potentially sensitize tumors with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a specific inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which leads to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS are the primary effector molecules of ...

Explainable-by-design Semi-Supervised Representation Learning for COVID-19 Diagnosis from CT Imaging Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Abel Diaz Berenguer, Hichem Sahli, Boris Joseph Joukovsky, Maryna Kvasnytsia, Ine Dirks, Mitchel Alioscha-Perez, Nikos Deligiannis, Panagiotis Gonidakis, Sebastian Amador Sanchez, Redona Brahimetaj, et al.
Our motivating application is a real-world problem: COVID-19 classification from CT imaging, for which we present an explainable Deep Learning approach based on a semi-supervised classification pipeline that employs variational autoencoders to extract efficient feature embedding. We have optimized the architecture of two different networks for CT images: (i) a novel conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) with a specific architecture that ...

In vivo dosimetry for patients with prostate cancer to assess possible impact of bladder and rectum preparation Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Yawo Atsu Constantino Fiagan, Evy Bossuyt, Daan Nevens, Piet Dirix, Frank Theys, Thierry Gevaert, Dirk Verellen

Purpose/objective: In all treatment sites of our radiotherapy network, in vivo dosimetry (PerFRACTION™) was fully implemented in February 2018. We hypothesized that additional help with bladder and rectum preparation by home nursing would improve patients' preparation and investigated if this could be assessed using in vivo dosimetry (IVD).

Materials/methods: A retrospective study was conducted with a test group who received additional ...

RealDRR - Rendering of realistic digitally reconstructed radiographs using locally trained image-to-image translation Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Jennifer Dhont, Dirk Verellen, Isabelle Mollaert, Verdi Vanreusel, Jef Vandemeulebroucke

Introduction: Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) represent valuable patient-specific pre-treatment training data for tumor tracking algorithms. However, using current rendering methods, the similarity of the DRRs to real X-ray images is limited, requires time-consuming measurements and/or are computationally expensive. In this study we present RealDRR, a novel framework for highly realistic and computationally efficient DRR rendering. ...

Estimating lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality in female breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Thomas Mulliez, Kurt Barbé, Mark De Ridder

By integrating data of the PLCO cancer screening trial, SCORE-risk charts and radiotherapy excess ratios, we were able to create risk charts estimating radiotherapy-induced lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality in female breast cancer patients. These risk models might be useful to individualize radiotherapy and optimize lung cancer and cardiovascular prevention and screening.

Two-Level Factorial Pre-TomoBreast Pilot Study of Tomotherapy and Conventional Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Steve Heymann, Giovanna Dipasquale, Nam P Nguyen, Meymey San, Olena Gorobets, Nicolas Leduc, Dirk Verellen, Guy Storme, Hilde Van Parijs, Mark De Ridder, et al.

BACKGROUND: A 2-level factorial pilot study was conducted in 2007 just before starting a randomized clinical trial comparing tomotherapy and conventional radiotherapy (CR) to reduce cardiac and pulmonary adverse effects in breast cancer, considering tumor laterality (left/right), target volume (with/without nodal irradiation), surgery (tumorectomy/mastectomy), and patient position (prone/supine). The study was revisited using a penalty score ...

Ventilation heterogeneity in smokers Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Sylvia Verbanck, Mathias Polfliet, Daniël Schuermans, Bart Ilsen, Johan De Mey, Eef Vanderhelst, Jef Vandemeulebroucke

Smoking-induced ventilation heterogeneity measured at the mouth via established washout indices (lung clearance index LCI and alveolar mixing efficiency AME) potentially results from unequal expansion, which can be quantified by CT, and structural changes down to the lung periphery, characterized by CT parametric response mapping indices (PRMfSAD,PRMEmph). By combining CT imaging and N2 washout tests in smokers, we specifically examined the ...

Comparative study of deep learning methods for the automatic segmentation of lung, lesion and lesion type in CT scans of COVID-19 patients Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Sofie Tilborghs, Ine Dirks, Lucas Fidon, Siri Willems, Tom Eelbode, Jeroen Bertels, Bart Ilsen, Arne Brys, Adriana Dubbeldam, Nico Buls, et al.
Recent research on COVID-19 suggests that CT imaging provides useful information to assess disease progression and assist diagnosis, in addition to help understanding the disease. There is an increasing number of studies that propose to use deep learning to provide fast and accurate quantification of COVID-19 using chest CT scans. The main tasks of interest are the automatic segmentation of lung and lung lesions in chest CT scans of confirmed or ...

Health-related quality of life, emotional burden, and neurocognitive function in the first generation of metastatic melanoma survivors treated with pembrolizumab: a longitudinal pilot study Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Anne Rogiers, Christophe Leys, Jennifer De Cremer, Gil Awada, Adrian Schembri, Peter Theuns, Mark De Ridder, Bart Neyns

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of health-related quality of Life (HRQoL), emotional burden, and neurocognitive function in the first-generation metastatic melanoma survivors treated with pembrolizumab. Methods: Survivors were defined as patients who achieved a durable remission for at least 6 months after initiating pembrolizumab in a single-center observational study (N = 141). A semi-structured interview was ...