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Implicit bias, fiction, and belief KU Leuven
In this chapter, we discuss, from a psychological point of view, how fiction can influence implicit biases, such as biases involved in unconscious racist and sexist attitudes and stereotypes. It has been argued that we learn these attitudes from fiction. It is well known that many fictional narratives contain stereotypes. American TV shows often feature black men as criminals for example. One could speculate that all these TV shows that portray ...
Chasing consistency: On the measurement error in self-reported affect in experiments KU Leuven
How feelings change over time is a central topic in emotion research. To study these affective fluctuations, researchers often ask participants to repeatedly indicate how they feel on a self-report rating scale. Despite widespread recognition that this kind of data is subject to measurement error, the extent of this error remains an open question. Complementing many daily-life studies, this study aimed to investigate this question in an ...
Varieties of instrumental theories of emotional action: Commentary on "A perceptual control theory of emotional action" KU Leuven
Eder proposes a theory of action causation based on Powers’ control theory and Hommel’s theory of event coding in which emotional feelings play a crucial role. After presenting a rough description of Eder’s theory in which I try to spell out the various steps in the control cycle, I compare his theory to my own goal-directed theory. The two theories converge in that they (a) rely on a control cycle in which different states are compared and (b) ...
Reasons to remain critical about the literature on habits: A commentary on Wood et al. (2022). KU Leuven
Wood et al. (2022) reviewed arguments in support of the idea that much of human behavior is habitual. In this commentary, we first point at ambiguities in the way Wood et al. referred to habits. This allows us to clarify the question that lies at the core of the debate on habits: To what extent is habitual behavior mediated by stimulus-response associations or by goal representations? We then argue that Wood et al. dismissed goal-directed ...
Extinction learning as pretrauma vulnerability factor of posttraumatic stress: a replication study KU Leuven Universiteit Gent
Behavior prediction requires implicit measures of stimulus-goal discrepancies and expected utilities of behavior options rather than of attitudes toward objects. KU Leuven
Meta-analyses show low correlations between implicit attitude measures and behavior measures, suggesting that these attitude measures are weak predictors of behavior. Researchers of implicit cognition have resorted to several rescue strategies. Their most important reply, based on a traditional dual-process theory of behavior causation, is that attitudes toward objects (positive/negative) automatically activate specific action tendencies ...