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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer: Role of Non-coding RNAs KU Leuven

Pieterjan Ginckels, Paul Holvoet
High oxidative stress, Th1/Th17 immune response, M1 macrophage inflammation, and cell death are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Controlled oxidative stress, Th2/Treg anti-tumor immune response, M2 macrophage inflammation, and survival are associated with cancer. MiR-21 protects against cardiovascular diseases but may induce tumor growth by retaining the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage and Treg phenotypes and inhibiting apoptosis. ...

The COVID-19 vaccination acceptance/hesitancy rate and its determinants among healthcare workers of 91 countries : a multicenter cross-sectional study Universiteit Gent

Mehrdad Askarian, Aleksandr Semenov, Ferran Llopis, Francesca Rubulotta, Gorana Dragovac, Natalia Pshenichnaya, Ojan Assadian, Yvon Ruch, Zahra Shayan, Cristobal Padilla Fortunatti, et al.
The aim of this study was to investigate the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rate and its determinants among healthcare workers in a multicenter study. This was a cross-sectional multi-center survey conducted from February 5 to April 29, 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 26 items in 6 subscales. The English version of the questionnaire was translated into seven languages and distributed through Google Forms using snowball sampling; a ...

Global commitments to conserving and monitoring genetic diversity are now necessary and feasible Koninklijke Maatschappij voor Dierkunde van Antwerpen

Peter Galbusera
Global conservation policy and action has largely neglected protecting and monitoring genetic diversity - one of the three main pillars of biodiversity. Genetic diversity (diversity within species) underlies species’ adaptation and survival, ecosystem resilience, and societal innovation. The low priority given to genetic diversity has largely been due to (i) knowledge gaps in key areas including the importance of genetic diversity and the trends ...

Decellularization of Male Reproductive Tissue Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Joery De Kock, Yoni Baert

Decellularized testicular matrix (DTM) enables researchers to focus on the specific composition of the testicular extracellular matrix (ECM) and elucidate its role in spermatogenesis. Furthermore, it provides the natural architectural arrangement that could guide the reorganization of dissociated testicular cells in vitro. This is a key consideration as the presence of an authentic nutritive and endocrine support has been proven to be ...

Information transfer efficiency differs in wild chimpanzees and bonobos, but not social cognition Koninklijke Maatschappij voor Dierkunde van Antwerpen

Cedric Girard-Buttoz, Martin Surbeck, Liran Samuni, Patrick Tkaczynski, Christophe Boesch, Barbara Fruth, Roman M. Wittig, Gottfried Hohmann, Catherine Crockford

Several theories have been generated to understand the socio-cognitive mechanisms underlying the unique cooperative abilities of humans. The 'interdependence hypothesis' posits first, that the cognitive dimension of human cooperation evolved in contexts when several individuals needed to act together to achieve a common goal, like when hunting large prey. Second, the more interdependent individuals are, the more likely they are to provide ...

Effects of synthetic fertilizer and farm compost on soil nematode community in long-term crop rotation plots: A morphological and metabarcoding approach Instituut voor Landbouw-, Visserij- en Voedingsonderzoek Universiteit Gent

Gisele L. Herren, Joos Habraken, Lieven Waeyenberge, Annelies Haegeman, Nicole Viaene, Mathias Cougnon, Dirk Reheul, Hanne Steel, Wim Bert
Soil biodiversity plays a key regulation role in the ecosystem services that underpin regenerative sustainable agriculture. It can be impacted by agricultural management techniques, both positively (through measures such as compost application) and negatively (through, for example, application of synthetic nitrogen). As one of the most numerous members of the soil biota, nematodes are well established as indicators for the soil food web. ...

Insect communities in saline waters consist of realized but not fundamental niche specialists KU Leuven

José Antonio Carbonell Hernández
Considering how organisms adapt to stress is essential if we are to anticipate biological responses to global change in ecosystems. Communities in stressful environments can potentially be assembled by specialists (i.e. species that only occur in a limited range of environmental conditions) and/or generalist species with wider environmental tolerances. We review the existing literature on the salinity tolerance of aquatic insects previously ...

Fungi and mycotoxins in space : a review Universiteit Gent

Gilke De Middeleer, Natalie Leys, Benedikt Sas, Sarah De Saeger
Fungi are not only present on Earth but colonize spacecraft and space stations as well. This review provides an extensive overview of the large and diverse group of fungal species that have been found in space, as well as those corresponding detection methods used and the existing and potential future prevention and control strategies. Many of the identified fungal species in space, such as Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria sp., are ...

A 1D computer model of the arterial circulation in horses : an important resource for studying global interactions between heart and vessels under normal and pathological conditions Universiteit Gent

Lisse Vera, Daimé Campos Arias, Sofie Muylle, Nikos Stergiopulos, Patrick Segers, Gunther van Loon
Arterial rupture in horses has been observed during exercise, after phenylephrine administration or during parturition (uterine artery). In human pathophysiological research, the use of computer models for studying arterial hemodynamics and understanding normal and abnormal characteristics of arterial pressure and flow waveforms is very common. The objective of this research was to develop a computer model of the equine arterial circulation, in ...

The role of stimulus-driven versus goal-directed processes in fight and flight tendencies measured with motor evoked potentials induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Universiteit Gent KU Leuven

Agnes Moors, Chiara Fini, Tom Everaert, Lara Bardi, Evelien Bossuyt, Peter Kuppens, Marcel Brass
This study examines two contrasting explanations for early tendencies to fight and flee. According to a stimulus-driven explanation, goal-incompatible stimuli that are easy/difficult to control lead to the tendency to fight/flee. According to a goal-directed explanation, on the other hand, the tendency to fight/flee occurs when the expected utility of fighting/fleeing is the highest. Participants did a computer task in which they were confronted ...