Titel Deelnemers "Editorial - Celebrating 50 years of Butterfly Conservation: a special issue on the ecology and conservation of butterflies and moths" "Nigel Bourn, Dirk Maes, Jorge L. Léon-Cortés, James S. Pryke" "Aplicación del modelo USLE en parcelas de erosión bajo prácticas de conservación de suelos y aguas en San Pedro de Melipilla, Chile = Application USLE model on erosion plots under soil conservation practices and water in San Pedro de Melipilla, Chile" "Barlin Olivares, Deyanira Lobo, Koen Verbist" "This study evaluated the USLE model in estimating water erosion in an Alfisol located in the town San Pedro, Chile's Metropolitan Region, with the use of erosivity values (R) obtained by approximating Arnoldus (IFM) and equations proposed by the Institute for the Conservation of Nature (ICONA) in Spain, adapted to the conditions of Chile. For the assessment of soil loss were used sediment data for each rainfall event during the period 1996-2000, measured in experimental plots tilled treatments, infiltration trenches and natural prairie. We compared the estimated erosion values with those measured on erosion plots in terms of basic statistics and indices based on difference and regression through the computerized system IRENE (Integrated Resources for Evaluating Numerical Estimates). In the descriptive and comparative analysis of the selected equations was determined that the estimated soil loss with the USLE equation using rainfall erosivity of ICONA, obtained with data from other locations, provided values that fit well with the values recorded in the study area, with slight variations. According to the results of the model was able to establish USLE approaches with respect to the tendency of the data, ie the estimated data were consistent and followed the same pattern from the data collected in the field." "Working professionally as a textile conservator within a central department for conservation and restoration" "Elsje Janssen" "Fostering sustainability in European nature conservation – NATURA 2000 habitat monitoring based on Earth observation services" "Stefan Lang, Lena Pernkopf, Jeroen Vanden Borre, Michael Förster, Birgen Haest, Oliver Buck, Annett Frick" "Phubbing behavior in conversations and its relation to perceived conversation intimacy and distraction : an exploratory observation study" "Mariek Vanden Abeele, Andrew T. Hendrickson, Monique M.H. Pollmann, Rich Ling" "Are Conservatism and Feminism Mutually Exclusive? A Study of ‘Feminist Conservative’ Voters in Belgium" "The role of science in contemporary art conservation : a study into the conservation and presentation of food-based art" "Julie Gilman" "The conservation of contemporary food-based art appeared to be problematic. Due to the perishable nature, long-term preservation and short-term exposition periods can be problematic in terms of food deterioration and loss of sensorial properties (visual appearance, smell, texture). For instance, for contemporary food-based art the decay processes of the food materials are often intrinsic to the meaning of the artwork. Because of the perishable nature of the food, sometimes, they need to be recreated. In both cases (preservation and recreation), food preservation methods, applied in the food industry, and knowledge on food science offer art conservators more possibilities to develop a suitable conservation strategy. Throughout this PhD research the role of science in the context of conservation of contemporary food-based art was investigated, with a primary emphasis on applicability and sustainability in a museum context. By introducing the knowledge of food science, the deterioration mechanisms of food in art became clear and compatible treatment options were given." "Conservation in violent environments : introduction to a special issue on the political ecology of conservation amidst violent conflict" "Esther Marijnen, Lotje de Vries, Rosaleen Duffy" "‘Facing conservation' or 'Conservation with a human face'? People-park relations in southern Ethiopia" "Stefaan Dondeyne, Jozef A. Deckers, Miet Maertens" "Whereas some conservationists argue that ‘people-oriented approaches’ failed to achieve conservation goals, Nechisar National Park presents a case where ‘strict conservation approaches’ have at best been only partly successful. Nechisar National Park, heralded as a success in the 1990s, today shows a collapsed population of the endemic Swayne’s hartebeest and severe degradation of the emblematic grasslands of the plains. The park is also heavily under pressure from firewood collectors and fish stocks have plummeted. Drawing on the concepts of ‘indirect’ and ‘direct’ costs/benefits of conservation areas – as proposed by Richard Bell – we wanted to get beyond the ‘strict’ versus ‘people-oriented’ conservation debate. Based on semi-structured interviews (12 women, 4 men) and oral testimonies (19 women, 17 men) we analyse how access to natural resources evolved under different political regimes and conservation strategies. The strict conservation approach resulted in strong opposition against the park. By considering both the ‘indirect’ costs (such as loss of land) and the ‘direct’ costs’ (such as historical and cultural ties with the land) important insights for a conservation strategy with a ‘human face’ could be gained. Conservation with a human face will require: first formally involving the local people in the management of the park; second, that the historical rights of the pastoralists and the farmers over the area, as well as the legitimacy of their grievances with regard to the past management, are recognised. Such a new conservation strategy will however require political commitment and strong institutions at all levels." "The use of social psychology for improving the adoption of conservation practices. Soil conservation in Belgium" "The orientation of agriculture has been moving through a sequence of shifts. In all major shifts such as the Neolithic revolution, the agricultural revolution and the green revolution timely adoption of the relevant technologies, ideas and innovation by the farming population has been was crucial. Nowadays, timely adoption of relevant production practices and system is vital to ensure the transition towards a more sustainable agriculture. Different conceptualizations of sustainability stress the importance of the implementation of relevant sustainable practices and systems. To encourage this timely adoption of new practices and systems, governments, researchers, extension workers and many others seek to create a better understanding of farmers behaviour. This study contributes to this understanding by investigating the use of a new type of methods to understand and monitor farmers individual behaviour. Traditional methods to understand behaviour economic models or econometric adoption models based on innovation/diffusion theory often produce unsatisfactory results. In this study, a meta-analysis is performed over a large number of studies on the factors influencing adoption of soil conservation practices. Since the majority of these studies rely on the innovation/diffusion theory, most variables can be classified as socio-demographic (e.g., age and education), economic (e.g., income), farm structural (e.g., farm size and type) or diffusion-type (e.g., information sources and organizational involvement). In the meta-analysis, it is established that the influence of these variables which are considered classic adoption variables is mostly zero. Furthermore, if an influence occurs, it is mostly inconsistent. These findings inspire the investigation of alternative methods to explain farmers behaviour. This investigation is conducted on a relevant case-study, the adoption of soil conservation practices in Belgium. Soil conservation is an extremely relevant issue worldwide for the sustainability of agriculture. Before moving on to the behavioural research, two scene-setting chapters present the case-study. In these chapters, a three-dimensional classification of all available soil conservation practices and the role of available government policy instruments are presented. This study uses a particular socio-psychological theory, the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Before presenting the empirical applications of this theory, the definitions and methodological implications of socio-psychological models are explained. Socio-psychological theories have since long been used to explain human behaviour. In agriculture, however, they have largely been neglected, in favour of other quantitative approaches such as economic models and qualitative approaches. According to the Theory of Planned Behaviour, human action is guided through three considerations: (i) attitude, the degree to which the action is evaluated positively or negatively; (ii) subjective norm, the perceived social pressure to engage or not in the behaviour and (iii) perceived behavioural control, the perceived own capacity to successfully perform the behaviour. Together, they lead to a positive or negative intention towards the behaviour. Given enough behavioural control, people will carry out their intention. The first empirical application of this theory is designed to investigate the use and methodological implications in the agri-environmental domain. More specifically, the method is applied to investigate the adoption of buffer strips, cover crops and reduced tillage techniques. Socio-psychological theories include mainly latent variables that are not observable and not directly measureable. Hence, measurement instruments, i.e., latent variable measurement scales, have to be developed. The first empirical application develops such measurement scales and investigates their reliability and validity. In the second empirical application, the adoption model is developed further, by combining socio-psychological variables with classic adoption variables. Both applications confirm that attitude towards a specific conservation practice has the largest influence on the probability of adoption. In a last empirical application, the cognitive foundation of the most important socio-psychological variables are examined. A method to elicit the cognitive belief structure of socio-psychological variables is presented and applied to the case-study practices. The outcome suggests that the non-adoption of conservation practices, which is commonly considered irrational behaviour, is in fact the result of very rational considerations. This study contributes to the development of quantitative social psychology as a valid research line in agricultural science. Hence, the societal benefits pertain to four domains. First, the results of socio-psychological studies of farmers behaviour are able to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of extension efforts. Indeed, the study offers an approach to explain socio-psychological traits in terms of very concrete cognitive beliefs. Second, the results can be used to improve the development and dissemination of conservation practices. For instance, this study on soil conservation practices suggests that adoption may involve unexpected but inconvenient side-effects and practical difficulties. Third, the results can enhance policy-making, both the choice of policy instrument and policy level. Fourth, socio-psychological can be used in the future to evaluate policy and monitor changes in farming orientation."