Titel Deelnemers "Korte inhoud" "Why are low-educated adults underrepresented in adult education? Studying the role of educational background in expressing learning needs and barriers" "Lisse Van Nieuwenhove, Bram De Wever" "The shift to a knowledge society has transformed the way we live and work, which is especially challenging to adults with low education levels. Adult education could be the answer, but low-educated adults participate least in adult education. The present study uses data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies to investigate participation needs and barriers of low-, medium- and high-educated adults across 15 European countries (N = 20,593). Descriptives show that low-educated adults report the lowest need for training to exercise their job and indicate to be the least prevented from taking more training because of experienced barriers. We then analysed which barriers non-participating and participating adults were referring to. While medium- and high-educated non-participants indicate being prevented because of work and family responsibilities, low-educated non-participants chose family responsibilities but mainly and remarkably the option ‘other’ as their most important barrier. Contrary to medium- and high-educated adults, low-educated adults’ most important barrier could not be defined. A possible explanation is that they experience more dispositional barriers (such as bad memories of education or low self-esteem), which were not included in the list. Our results point to the importance of targeting low-educated adults in participation research." "Associations of neighborhood environmental attributes with adults' objectively- assessed sedentary time : IPEN adult multi-country study" "Neville Owen, Takemi Sugiyama, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Nyssa Hadgraft, Adewale Oyeyemi, Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso, Josef Mitas, Jens Troelsen, Rachel Davey, Grant Schofield, Kelli Cain, Olga Sarmiento, Rodrigo Reis, Deborah Salvo, Duncan Macfarlane, James Sallis, Ester Cerin" "Perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes associated with adults' recreational walking : IPEN Adult study in 12 countries" "Takemi Sugiyama, Ester Cerin, Neville Owen, Adewale L Oyeyemi, Terry L Conway, Delfien Van Dyck, Jasper Schipperijn, Duncan J Macfarlane, Deborah Salvo, Rodrigo S Reis, Josef Mitás, Olga L Sarmiento, Rachel Davey, Grant Schofield, Rosario Orzanco-Garralda, James F Sallis" "Personality functioning in adults with refractory epilepsy and community adults: Implications for health-related quality of life" "Jessica Rassart, Koen Luyckx" "Introduction. Prior research has shown that people with epilepsy are at risk for a poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, patients differ greatly in how well they adjust to their epilepsy. To better understand these differences, the present study examined the role of personality. More specifically, we examined mean-level differences in Big Five personality traits between adults with refractory epilepsy and a community sample and related these traits to patients’ HRQOL. Methods. A total of 121 adults with refractory epilepsy (18-40 years old, 56% women) completed questionnaires on the Big Five personality traits, HRQOL, and seizure frequency and severity. Patients’ Big Five scores were compared to those of a community sample matched on sex and age using paired samples t-tests. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to examine associations between personality and HRQOL, while controlling for the effects of sex, age, age at diagnosis, seizure frequency, and seizure severity. Results. Patients reported higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of openness as compared to controls. In patients, seizure severity was positively related to neuroticism and negatively related to agreeableness. Finally, patients high in neuroticism and low in conscientiousness generally reported a poorer HRQOL. Conclusion. In the present study, small personality differences were observed between adults with refractory epilepsy and a community sample. Patients’ personality was found to play an important role in adjusting to epilepsy, even after controlling for seizure frequency and severity. Personality assessment may help healthcare professionals in identifying patients at risk for poor HRQOL later in life." "Strength training at high versus low external resistance in older adults: effects on muscle mass, muscle strength, and force-velocity characteristics in older adults." "Evelien Van Roie, C. Delecluse, W. Coudyzer, Steven Boonen" "Muscle adaptations can be induced by high-resistance exercise. Despite being potentially more suitable for older adults, low-resistance exercise protocols have been less investigated. We compared the effects of high- and low-resistance training on muscle volume, muscle strength, and force-velocity characteristics. Fifty-six older adults were randomly assigned to 12weeks of leg press and leg extension training at either HIGH (2×10-15 repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM)), LOW (1×80-100 repetitions at 20% of 1RM), or LOW+ (1×60 repetitions at 20% of 1RM, followed by 1×10-20 repetitions at 40% of 1RM). All protocols ended with muscle failure. Leg press and leg extension of 1RM were measured at baseline and post intervention and before the first training session in weeks 5 and 9. At baseline and post intervention, muscle volume (MV) was measured by CT-scan. A Biodex dynamometer evaluated knee extensor static peak torque in different knee angles (PTstat90°, PTstat120°, PTstat150°), dynamic peak torque at different speeds (PTdyn60°s(-1), PTdyn180°s(-1), PTdyn240°s(-1)), and speed of movement at 20% (S20), 40% (S40), and 60% (S60) of PTstat90°. HIGH and LOW+ resulted in greater improvements in 1RM strength than LOW (p" "The learning divide in formal adult education: why do low-qualified adults participate less?" "Sebastiano Cincinnato, Bram De Wever, Martin Valcke" "Objectives. The aim of this paper is to investigate the reasons behind differentialparticipation rates in formal adult education in Flanders (Belgium) between low- and high qualified adults. Since the scientific literature is rather tentative in its explanations for existing differences, finding empirical grounds for these explanations is necessary. Prior Work. Most theories explaining differences in participation in adult education draw on psychological, economical, and/or sociological reasoning. According to the psychological strand, differences inparticipation can be explained by differences in dispositions. The economic strand, on its behalf, stresses the importance of socio-economic status for understanding differential participation rates. Finally, the sociological strand focusses on differences in volume and composition of (economic, cultural, social) capital. Approach. In the analysis, data from the Programme for the InternationalAssessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) (n = 4134) were used. More in particular, applying logit regression modelling, we examined which factors were likely to explain the differential participation rate based on educational qualification. Results. The results suggest that differences in motivation to learn and differences in cultural capital are at the heart of the existing differencesin participation between low- and high-qualified adults. Implications and value. The present study points out that the social background of potential adult education candidates should be accounted for in order to increase participation in formal adult education. Interventions aimed at increasing participation are not likely to resort the same effect on different population groups. Targeted interventions might be a more preferential approach when aiming at increasingparticipation of specific groups." "The learning divide in formal adult education: why do low-qualified adults participate less?" "Sebastiano Cincinnato, Bram De Wever, Martin Valcke" "Objectives. The aim of this paper is to investigate the reasons behind differential participation rates in formal adult education in Flanders (Belgium) between low- and high-qualified adults. Since the scientific literature is rather tentative in its explanations for existing differences, finding empirical grounds for these explanations is necessary. Prior Work. Most theories explaining differences in participation in adult education draw on psychological, economical, and/or sociological reasoning. According to the psychological strand, differences in participation can be explained by differences in dispositions. The economic strand, on its behalf, stresses the importance of socio-economic status for understanding differential participation rates. Finally, the sociological strand focusses on differences in volume and composition of (economic, cultural, social) capital. Approach. In the analysis, data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) (n = 4134) were used. More in particular, applying logit regression modelling, we examined which factors were likely to explain the differential participation rate based on educational qualification. Results. The results suggest that differences in motivation to learn and differences in cultural capital are at the heart of the existing differences in participation between low- and high-qualified adults. Implications and value. The present study points out that the social background of potential adult education candidates should be accounted for in order to increase participation in formal adult education. Interventions aimed at increasing participation are not likely to resort the same effect on different population groups. Targeted interventions might be a more preferential approach when aiming at increasing participation of specific groups." "Promotion of mental health in young adults via mobile phone app : study protocol of the ECoWeB (emotional competence for well-being in Young adults) cohort multiple randomised trials" "A. Newbold, F. C. Warren, R. S. Taylor, C. Hulme, S. Burnett, B. Aas, C. Botella, F. Burkhardt, T. Ehring, M. Frost, A. Garcia-Palacios, E. Greimel, C. Hoessle, Arpine Hovasapian, Veerle Huyghe, J. Lochner, G. Molinari, R. Pekrun, B. Platt, T. Rosenkranz, K. R. Scherer, K. Schlegel, G. Schulte-Korne, C. Suso, V. Voigt, E. R. Watkins" "Opinions of general and adult congenital heart disease cardiologists on care for adults with congenital heart disease in Belgium : a qualitative study" "Ruben Willems, Michele De Hosson, Lieven Annemans" "Background: The growing adult congenital heart disease (CHD) population requires efficient healthcare organisation. It has been suggested that clinically appropriate care be provided for individual patients on the least complex level possible, in order to alleviate saturation of special care programmes. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 10 general and 10 adult CHD cardiologists were conducted to elucidate opinions on healthcare organisation in Belgium. A particular focus was placed on the potential role of general cardiologists. The software program NVivo 12 facilitated thematic analysis. Results: A discrepancy existed between how general cardiologists thought about congenital care and what adult CHD cardiologists considered the minimum knowledge required to adequately treat patients. Qualitative data were categorised under the following themes: knowledge dissemination, certification, (de)centralisation of care, the role of adult CHD cardiologists, the role of dedicated nurse specialists, and patient referral. It appeared to be pivotal to organise care in such a way that providing basic care locally does not impede the generation of sufficient patient volume, and to continue improving communications between different care levels when there is no referral back. Moreover, practical knowledge is best disseminated locally. Cardiologists' opinions on certification and on the role of dedicated nurse specialists were mixed. Conclusion: On the basis of the results, we propose five recommendations for improving the provision of care to adults with CHD. A multi-dimensional approach to defining the role of different healthcare professionals, to improving communication channels, and to effectively sensitising healthcare professionals is needed to improve the organisation of care." "Transfer from paediatric rheumatology to the adult rheumatology setting: experiences and expectations of young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis" "Deborah Hilderson, Kristien Van der Elst, Rene Westhovens, Carine Wouters, Philip Moons" "Adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are transferred from paediatrics to adult-oriented healthcare when they reach early adulthood. Research on the extent to which patients' expectations about the adult healthcare setting match their actual experience after transfer, may promote successful transfer from paediatrics to adult care. As part of the 'Don't Retard' project ( http://www.kuleuven.be/switch2/rheuma.html ), experiences and expectations of young adults regarding their transfer from paediatric rheumatology to adult rheumatology were explored. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured, in-depth interviews of 11 patients with JIA, aged 18 to 30. Data were analysed using procedures inherent to the content analysis approach. For both concepts, experiences and expectations, three main themes emerged: 'preparation', 'parental involvement' and an 'adapted setting for the late-adolescent or early adult'. The need for a gradual process covered the themes 'preparation' and 'parental involvement'. Young people with JIA prefer to have a say in the moment of transfer and in the reduction of parental involvement. The majority of the participants like their parents' presence at the first consultation at the adult rheumatology department. They expect a healthcare setting adapted to their needs and the possibility to meet peers in this setting. Sudden confrontation with older patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis at adult rheumatology was an unsettling experience for some of the young patients and they declared that better preparation is needed. This study enabled us to define three main themes important in transfer. These themes can facilitate healthcare professionals in developing specific interventions to prepare the young people to transfer, to regulate parental involvement and to arrange an adapted setting for them. Since we included patients who were in follow-up at one tertiary care centre, in which both paediatric and adult rheumatology care are located, the results of the study cannot be generalised to the entire population of patients with JIA."