Titel Deelnemers "Korte inhoud" "Human biomonitoring from an environmental justice perspective: supporting study participation of women of Turkish and Moroccan descent" "Bert Morrens, Elly Den Hond, Greet Schoeters, Dries Coertjens, Ann Colles, Tim NAWROT, Willy Baeyens, Stefaan De Henauw, Vera Nelen, Ilse Loots" "Background: Environmental justice research shows how socially disadvantaged groups are more exposed and more vulnerable to environmental pollution. At the same time, these groups are less represented and, thus, less visible in biomedical studies. This socioeconomic participation bias is a form of environmental injustice within research practice itself. Methods: We designed, implemented and evaluated a targeted recruitment strategy to enhance the participation of socially disadvantaged pregnant women in a human biomonitoring study in Belgium. We focused on women of Turkish and Moroccan descent and developed a setup using personal buddies that enabled information transfer about study conditions in the pre-parturition period as well as support and follow-up with questionnaires in the post-parturition period. Results: We identified four barriers to the participation of women with a vulnerable social and ethnic background which were related to psychosocial and situational factors. Lack of trust in researchers and no perceived study benefits were important personal barriers; the complex study design and difficult self-administered questionnaires were equally significant barriers. Conclusion: By investing in direct, person-to-person contact with trusted buddies and supported by practical advice about cultural and linguistic sensitivity, it was possible to increase study participation of socially disadvantaged people. Above all, this required openness and flexibility in the mind-set of researchers so that study design and procedures could be better grounded in the experiences and circumstances of underprivileged groups." "'Can you please hold my hand too, not only my breast?' The experiences of Muslim women from Turkish and Moroccan descent giving birth in maternity wards in Belgium" "Liesbet Degrie, Chris Gastmans, Yvonne Denier" "OBJECTIVES: To reach nuanced understanding of the perinatal experiences of ethnic minority women from Turkish and Moroccan descent giving birth in maternity wards in Belgium thereby gaining insight into the underlying challenges of providing intercultural care for ethnic minority persons in a hospital setting. METHODS: A qualitative study design was used by conducting In-depth interviews with 24 women from Turkish and Moroccan descent who gave birth during the past three years in maternity wards in Flanders, Belgium. The interviews were analysed using a Grounded Theory Approach. RESULTS: This study shows that the women's care experiences were shaped by the care interactions with their caregivers, more specifically on the attention that was given by the caregivers towards two essential dimensions of the care relationship, viz. Ereignis (attention to what happens) and Erlebnis (attention to how it happens). These two dimensions were interrelated in four different ways, which defined the women's care experiences as being either 'uncaring', 'protocolized', 'embraced' or 'ambiguous'. Moreover, these experiences were fundamentally embedded within the women's cultural context, which has to be understood as a relational process in which an emotional and moral meaning was given to the women's care expectations, interactions and interpretations of care. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal that the quality of intercultural care depends on the nature and quality of care interactions between ethnic minority patients and caregivers much more than on the way in which cultural questions and tensions are being handled or dealt with in a practical way. As such, the importance of establishing a meaningful care relationship should be the priority when providing intercultural care. In this, a shift in perspective on 'culture' from being an 'individual culture-in-isolation' towards an understanding of culture as being inter-relational and emerging from within these care relationships is necessary." "Breaking the in-group out-group: shifting boundaries in transnational partner choice processes of individuals of Moroccan, Tunesian, Algerian, Turkish, Punjabi Sikh, Pakistani and Albanian descent in Belgium" "Heyse Petra, Clycq Noel, Timmerman Christiane" "Transnational activities and social-cultural integration of Turkish and Moroccan descendants in Flemish Belgium" "Kris VANCLUYSEN, Maarten VAN CRAEN, Johan ACKAERT" "The two key questions that this paper seeks to address are: (1) To what extent are Moroccan and Turkish immigrants (and their descendants) living in Belgium involved in transnational activities? (2) What is the impact of transnational involvement on the social-cultural integration of people of Moroccan and Turkish descent into the country of settlement? To answer these research questions we carried out quantitative analyses on data gathered in three cities in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium: Antwerp, Genk and Ghent (618 standardized face-to-face interviews). Results show that in both communities transnational activities are common practices. Those of Turkish descent have more contact (by telephone or internet) with family in their country of origin, but those of Moroccan descent more often send money or goods to their relatives. The more often members of minority groups watch country of origin television channels, the less Belgian they feel and the poorer their command of the majority language." "The established outsider and the welfare state. Explaining welfare state attitudes from the dual perspective of Turkish and Moroccan Belgians." "Jolien Galle" "In current times of economic recession and increased migration flows within Western societies, the relation between the welfare state and migration receives much attention in both popular and scholar debates. The tensions regarding the migration-welfare state relation revolve predominantly around the demarcation of welfare policies. In other words, who's in and who's out? These questions gave rise to the extensive investigation of peoples' support for government intervention, social redistribution, and the welfare state. Even though the relation between immigration and the welfare state is widely discussed, there is hardly any empirical evidence on the attitudes of immigrants and their descendants towards socioeconomic issues and the welfare state. The growing tensions regarding the welfare states' boundaries are almost exclusively considered from the insiders position of native citizens. This while society grows more diverse every day and while an increasing share of the population has a migration background. This project broadens this perspective and contributes to the understanding of the attitudes of ethnic minorities - i.e. non-native Belgian citizens of Moroccan and Turkish descent - towards social redistribution, government responsibility, and the welfare state access of new arriving immigrants." "Attitudes of Turkish and Moroccan Belgians toward Redistribution and Government Responsibility: The Role of Perceived Discrimination, Generation, and Religious Involvement." "Jolien Galle, Koen Abts, Marc Swyngedouw, Bart Meuleman" "© The Author(s) 2019. This article contributes to the debate about migration’s impact on welfare state support by investigating the welfare opinions of migrants and their descendants. It examines whether experiences of group and individual discrimination explain the welfare attitudes of this group over and beyond classical predictors of self-interest and political ideology. Using survey data from Belgian citizens of Turkish and Moroccan descent, we show that stronger support for redistribution is associated with higher levels of perceived group discrimination, religious involvement, and belonging to the second generation. Preferences of government responsibility, however, are strongly determined by labor market position and left-right ideology." "Caring for Family Members Older than 50 of Turkish and Northwest African Descent: The Meaning of Caregiving" "Johan Leman" "What is the attitude of Moroccan and Turkish immigrants in Flanders (Belgium) vis-à-vis family members that suffer from cancer? The results of an empirical research." "Caring for Family Members Older than 50 of Turkish and Northwest African Descent: The Meaning of Caregiving" "Johan Leman" "What is the attitude of Moroccan and Turkish immigrants in Flanders (Belgium) vis-à-vis family members that suffer from cancer? The results of an empirical research." "The perception of neighborhood disorder in Flemish Belgium: differences between ethnic majority and minority group members and bearing on fear of crime" "Kris VANCLUYSEN, Maarten VAN CRAEN, Johan ACKAERT" "The present research examines whether the perception of neighborhood disorder differs between ethnic majority and minority group members and whether perceived disorder has the same impact on fear of crime among ethnic minorities as among the majority group. To answer the research questions, data are used from a survey among persons of Moroccan, Turkish, and Flemish descent (n=960), gathered in three Flemish Belgian cities (Antwerp, Genk, and Ghent). Multiple regression analyses show differences between majority and minority group members with regard to the perception of loitering youths, dog mess, and littering. Also, results provide support for the broken windows hypothesis in all ethnic groups, but the impact of perceived disorder on fear of crime is highest among the Flemish majority. Possible explanations are discussed." "Between solidarity and competitive threat? The ambivalence of anti-immigrant attitudes among ethnic minorities" "Cecil Meeusen, Koen Abts, Bart Meuleman" "Attitudes toward immigrants are typically investigated from the perspective of the dominant native majority group versus the subordinate ethnic minority group, but there are no apparent reasons why established minority groups would be exempt of negative attitudes towards new immigrant groups. This article investigates the roots of anti-immigrant attitudes among Belgians of Turkish and Moroccan descent. For that purpose, we analyze survey data from the Belgian Ethnic Minorities Elections Study 2014. Our results confirm that negative predispositions toward the arrival of new immigrants in general and Eastern Europeans in particular are also present among Turkish and Moroccan Belgians. Furthermore, we find that feelings of unfair treatment shape anti-immigrant attitudes in important ways. However, the direction of the relationship (positive vs. negative) depends crucially on the specific setting of unfair treatment. While perceived unfair treatment in the labor market arouses interminority hostility, experiences of unfair treatment by the government or in daily life lead to positive attitudes towards newcomers. Identification with the nation rather than with the ethnic group is significantly linked to more negative attitudes towards new immigrants in general (but not towards Eastern European immigrants). We furthermore find that the strength of the relationship between unfair treatment/identity and interminority attitudes depends on the particular immigrant group being evaluated."