Titel Deelnemers "Korte inhoud" "Visible near-infrared spectroscopy and pedotransfer function well predict soil sorption coefficient of glyphosate" "Sonia Akter, Lis Wollesen de Jonge, Per Møldrup, Mogens Humlekrog Greve, Trine Nørgaard, Peter Lystbæk Weber, Cecilie Hermansen, Abdul Mouazen, Maria Knadel" "The soil sorption coefficient (K-d) of glyphosate mainly controls its transport and fate in the environment. Laboratory-based analysis of K-d is laborious and expensive. This study aimed to test the feasibility of visible near-infrared spectroscopy (vis-NIRS) as an alternative method for glyphosate K-d estimation at a country scale and compare its accuracy against pedotransfer function (PTF). A total of 439 soils with a wide range of K-d values (37-2409 L kg(-1)) were collected from Denmark (DK) and southwest Greenland (GR). Two modeling scenarios were considered to predict K-d: a combined model developed on DK and GR samples and individual models developed on either DK or GR samples. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques were applied to develop vis-NIRS models. Results from the best technique were validated using a prediction set and compared with PTF for each scenario. The PTFs were built with soil texture, OC, pH, Fe-ox, and P-ox. The ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ) was 1.88, 1.70, and 1.50 for the combined (ANN), DK (ANN), and GR (PLSR) validation models, respectively. vis-NIRS obtained higher predictive ability for K-d than PTFs for the combined dataset, whereas PTF resulted in slightly better estimations of K-d on the DK and GR samples. However, the differences in prediction accuracy between vis-NIRS and PTF were statistically insignificant. Considering the multiple advantages of vis-NIRS, e.g., being rapid and non-destructive, it can provide a faster and easier alternative to PTF for estimating glyphosate K-d." "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Screening to Allow Detection of Pathogenic Mitochondrial DNA Variants in Individuals with Unexplained Abnormal Fatigue" "Bert M Celie, An Mariman, Jan Boone, Liesbeth Delesie, Els Tobback, Sara Seneca, Boel De Paepe, Dirk Vogelaers, Rudy N Van Coster, Jan G Bourgois" "Unexplained abnormal fatigue is characterized by chronic fatigue persisting for at least six months and not sufficiently explained by any recognized medical condition. In this pilot study, twelve individuals with abnormal fatigue remaining unexplained after thorough screening were investigated using a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy handgrip test. Four of them were found to have an abnormal oxygen extraction pattern similar to participants with documented mitochondrial myopathy. In three of the four individuals, diverse mitochondrial abnormalities were documented by spectrophotometric, immunocytological, fluorescent, and morphological analyses performed in skeletal muscle and in cultured skin fibroblasts. Three of the four participants with decreased muscular oxygen extraction were each shown to harbor a different homoplasmic pathogenic mitochondrial DNA point mutation (m.961T > C, m.1555A > G, m.14484T > C). In the fourth participant, the presence of multiple large mitochondrial DNA deletions was suspected in muscle tissue. In contrast, none of the eight abnormally fatigued participants with normal NIR spectroscopy results harbored either a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA point mutation or large deletions ( P " "Non-destructive detection of fusarium head blight in wheat kernels and flour using visible near-infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopy" "Mhd Baraa Almoujahed, Aravind Krishnaswamy Rangarajan, Rebecca Whetton, Damien Vincke, Damien Eylenbosch, Philippe Vermeulen, Abdul Mouazen" "Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most severe fungal diseases that reduces yield of cereal crops and degrades kernel quality with mycotoxins, which are harmful to human and animal health. The majority of FHB identification at post-harvest stage is through lab-based analysis, whilst effective it is a time consuming, expensive, and laborious process. Hence, a non-destructive, rapid, accurate, and robust method is required for FHB detection at post-harvest. This study explores the potential of visible near-infrared (vis-NIR) in the wavelength range from 400 to 1700 nm and the mid-infrared (MIR) in the wavenumber range from 4000 to 650 cm−1 to predict FHB infection of wheat kernels and flour. A total of 143 ear samples (93 infected, and 50 healthy) were collected from an inoculated trial covering several winter wheat varieties. The collected spectral data was analysed with two different machine learning algorithms, namely, random forest (RF) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Both models produced a higher test accuracy of 96.6 % and 100 %, respectively, for the flour samples than that (e.g., 93.1 %) for the kernels, using the MIR spectroscopy. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) demonstrated notable improvements in accuracy of the vis-NIR for the kernels, with LDA model providing 100 % classification accuracy. While RFE failed to improve the accuracy of MIR-LDA models. The results highlight the effectiveness of vis-NIR and MIR spectroscopy with RFE and machine learning for classifying FHB in wheat kernel and flour samples." "Near-infrared spectroscopy : alternative method for assessment of stable carbon isotopes in various soil profiles in Chile" "María de los Ángeles Sepúlveda, Marcela Hidalgo, Juan Araya, Manuel Casanova, Cristina Muñoz, Sebastian Doetterl, Daniel Wasner, Ben Colpaert, Pascal Boeckx, Erick Zagal" "Detection and characterization of a biochemical signature associated with diabetic nephropathy using near-infrared spectroscopy on tissue sections" "Sander De Bruyne, Jo Van Dorpe, Jonas Himpe, Wim Van Biesen, Sigurd Delanghe, Marijn Speeckaert, Joris Delanghe" "Histological evaluation of renal biopsies is currently the gold standard for acquiring important diagnostic and prognostic information in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. Nevertheless, there is an unmet clinical need for new biomarkers that allow earlier diagnosis and risk stratification. As biochemical changes in tissues must precede any symptomatic or morphological expression of a disease, we explored the potential of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the detection of a biochemical signature associated with DN. Kidney tissue sections were investigated using NIR spectroscopy, followed by principal component analysis and soft independent modelling of class analogy. A biochemical signature indicative of DN was detected, which enabled perfect discrimination between tissue sections with normal histological findings (n = 27) and sections obtained from DN patients (n = 26). Some spectral changes related to carbamoylation and glycation reactions appeared to be similar to the ones obtained in patients with DN. In addition, treatment with the deglycating enzyme fructosamine-3-kinase resulted in partial to pronounced restorations of the spectral pattern. Significant relationships were found between spectral features and laboratory parameters indicative of glycemic and uremic load, such as hemoglobin A1c, urea, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria. The presented method could be a useful tool to complement histopathological analysis in order to prevent or delay further disease progression, especially in the setting of post-transplant surveillance kidney biopsies." "Developmental changes in the brain response to speech during the first year of life : a near-infrared spectroscopy study of dutch-learning infants" "Fen Zhang, Judit Gervain, Herbert Roeyers" "Language acquisition in the first year of life plays an important role in human development. Although recent research has increased our knowledge of early language development, the origins and developmental trajectories of language processing during infancy are still being debated. One important issue is whether the infant brain has already developed adult-like functional cortical specialization and lateralization for speech and language processing. Although a relatively large number of previous studies have investigated the cortical specialization for speech processing in newborns by comparing responses to normal speech with responses to time-reversed speech as a control, the subsequent development of this differential response is less well understood. In the current study, our primary goal was, therefore, to expand our knowledge of functional speciali-zation for speech during the first year of life. By using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we examined the hemodynamic responses in the temporal cortex to forward-going speech in the native language, Dutch, and backward Dutch in seventy-eight infants aged 5 and 10 months. We observed that five-month-old infants show bilateral activation to both forward and backward speech without obvious hemispheric lateralization for language, while ten-month-old infants show greater left-lateralized inverted responses (e.g., reduction in oxyhaemoglobin and increase in deoxyhaemoglobin) to forward speech than to backward speech. Overall, our findings indicate that the neural correlates of language processing undergo developmental changes in the first year of life." "Focused echocardiography, end-tidal carbon dioxide, arterial blood pressure or near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring during paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation : a scoping review" "Mirjam Kool, Dianne L. Atkins, Patrick Van de Voorde, Ian K. Maconochie, Barnaby R. Scholefield" "Aim: To evaluate the individual use and predictive value of focused echocardiography, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), invasive arterial blood pressure (BP) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in children. Methods: This scoping review was undertaken as part of the continuous evidence evaluation process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) and based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched from the last ILCOR reviews until September 2020. We included all published studies evaluating the effect of echocardiography, EtCO2, BP or NIRS guided CPR on clinical outcomes and quality of CPR. Results: We identified eight observational studies, including 288 children. Two case series reported the use of echocardiography, one in detecting pulmonary emboli, the second in cardiac standstill, where contractility was regained with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The two studies describing EtCO2 were ambivalent regarding the association between mean values and any outcomes. Mean diastolic BP was associated with increased survival and favourable neurological outcome, but not with new substantive morbidity in two studies describing an overlapping population. NIRS values reflected changes in EtCO2 and cerebral blood volume index in two studies, with lower values in patients who did not achieve return of circulation. Conclusion: Although there seems some beneficial effect of these intra-arrest variables, higher quality paediatric studies are needed to evaluate whether echocardiography, EtCO2, BP or NIRS guided CPR could improve outcomes." "Ephedrine and phenylephrine induce opposite changes in cerebral and paraspinal tissue oxygen saturation, measured with near-infrared spectroscopy : a randomized controlled trial" "CAROLINE VANPETEGHEM, Bas Bruneel, Isabeau Lecoutere, Stefan De Hert, Anneliese Moerman" "While the effects of phenylephrine (PE) and ephedrine (E) on cerebral oxygen saturation (rS(c)O(2)) already has been studied, the effect on paraspinal oxygen saturation (rS(ps)O(2)) is still unexplored. This study aims to assess the effect of PE and E on rS(c)O(2) and rS(ps)O(2), measured with near-infrared spectroscopy. A randomized 4-treatment cross-over trial was designed in 28 patients under BIS-titrated anaesthesia with sevoflurane. If MAP decreased more than 20% from baseline, incremental doses of PE and/or E were given according to the randomization (group I: E-PE-E, group II: PE-E-PE, group III: E-E-E, group IV: PE-PE-PE). rS(c)O(2) and rS(ps)O(2) on T-3-T-4, T-9-T-10 and L-1-L-2 were recorded. Differences in rSO(2) (post-pretreatment) within each group were analyzed with paired Student's t test. Differences in effects of PE and E on rS(c)O(2) and rS(ps)O(2) were analyzed with linear mixed-modelling. Following PE administration, rS(c)O(2) decreased significantly (- 2.7% +/- 3.5), while it remained stable following E (- 0.6% +/- 3.6). Contrastingly, rS(ps)O(2) at T-3-T-4, T-9-T-10 and L-1-L-2 slightly increased following PE (0.4% +/- 2.5, 0.7% +/- 2.0 and - 0.1% +/- 1.4, respectively), while it decreased after E administration (- 1.3% +/- 3.4%, - 0.7% +/- 2.6% and - 1.3% +/- 2.7%, respectively). Compared to E, PE administration was associated with a significant decrease in rS(c)O(2) (- 2.1%, 95% CI [- 3.1%, - 1.2%], p < 0.001). In contrast, compared to PE, E was associated with a significant decrease in rS(ps)O(2) at T-3-T-4, T-9-T-10 and L-1-L-2 (- 2.0%, 95% CI [- 2.8, - 1.1], p < 0.001; - 1.4%, 95% CI [- 2.4%, - 0.4%], p = 0.006; and - 1.5%, 95% CI [- 2.3%, - 0.8%], p < 0.001, respectively). An opposite effect on rS(c)O(2) and rS(ps)O(2) was observed after bolus administration of PE and E." "Possible influences on the interpretation of functional domain (FD) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS): an explorative study" "Bert Celie, Jan Boone, Jasmien Dumortier, Wim Derave" "Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to study word production in the brain : a picture-word interference study" "Toru Hitomi, Robert Hartsuiker"