Titel Deelnemers "Korte inhoud" "Am I winning or losing? Probing the appraisal of partial wins via response vigor" "Zhang Chen, Charlotte Eben, Christina Reimer, Frederick Verbruggen" "Attempts to obtain rewards are not always successful. Despite investing much time, effort, or money, sometimes individuals may not obtain any reward. Other times they may obtain some reward, but the obtained reward may be smaller than their initial investment, such as partial wins in gambling. It remains unclear how such ambiguous outcomes are appraised. To address this question, we systematically varied the payoffs for different outcomes in a computerized scratch card task across three experiments. To test outcome appraisal, we used response vigor as a novel proxy. In the scratch card task, participants turned three cards one by one. Depending on the turned cards, they either received an amount that was higher than the wager (win), an amount lower than the wager (partial win), or nothing (loss). Overall, participants responded to partial wins more slowly than losses, but more quickly than wins. Partial wins were therefore appraised to be better than losses, but worse than wins. Importantly, further analyses showed that outcome appraisal was not based on the net win or loss amount. Instead, participants primarily used the configuration of turned cards as a cue for the relative rank of an outcome within a specific game. Outcome appraisals thus utilize simple heuristic rules, rely on salient information (such as outcome-related cues in gambling), and are specific to a local context. Together, these factors may contribute to the misperception of partial wins as real wins in gambling. Future work may examine how outcome appraisal may be modulated by the salience of certain information, and investigate the appraisal process in contexts beyond gambling." "The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset" "Erin M. Buchanan, Savannah C. Lewis, Bastien Paris, Patrick S. Forscher, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Julie E. Beshears, Shira Meir Drexler, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Peter R Mallik, Miguel Alejandro A. Silan, Jeremy K. Miller, Hans IJzerman, Hannah Moshontz, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Jordan W. Suchow, Christopher R. Chartier, Nicholas A. Coles, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Anna Louise Todsen, Carmel A. Levitan, Flávio Azevedo, Nicole Legate, Blake Heller, Alexander J. Rothman, Charles A. Dorison, Brian P. Gill, Ke Wang, Vaughan W. Rees, Nancy Gibbs, Amit Goldenberg, Thuy-vy Thi Nguyen, James J. Gross, Gwenaêl Kaminski, Claudia C. von Bastian, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Soufian Azouaghe, Alexandre Bran, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Anabela Caetano Santos, Niv Reggev, Janis H. Zickfeld, Handan Akkas, Myrto Pantazi, Ivan Ropovik, Max Korbmacher, Patrícia Arriaga, Biljana Gjoneska, Lara Warmelink, Sara G. Alves, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Stefan Stieger, Vidar Schei, Paul H. P. Hanel, Barnabas Szaszi, Maksim Fedotov, Jan Antfolk, Gabriela-Mariana Marcu, Jana Schrötter, Jonas R. Kunst, Sandra J. Geiger, Adeyemi Adetula, Halil Emre Kocalar, Julita Kielińska, Pavol Kačmár, Ahmed Bokkour, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Ikhlas Djamai, Sara Johanna Pöntinen, Bamikole Emmanuel AGESIN, Teodor Jernsäther, Anum Urooj, Nikolay R. Rachev, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Murathan Kurfalı, Ilse L. Pit, Ranran Li, Sami Çoksan, Dmitrii Dubrov, Tamar Elise Paltrow, Gabriel Baník, Tatiana Korobova, Anna Studzinska, Xiaoming Jiang, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Jáchym Vintr, Faith Chiu, Lada Kaliska, Jana B. Berkessel, Murat Tümer, Sara Morales-Izquierdo, Hu Chuan-Peng, Kevin Vezirian, Anna Dalla Rosa, Olga Bialobrzeska, Martin R. Vasilev, Julia Beitner, Ondřej Kácha, Barbara Žuro, Minja Westerlund, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Andrej Findor, Dajana Krupić, Marta Kowal, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Razieh Pourafshari, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Ekaterina Baklanova, Anna Szala, Ilya Zakharov, Marek A. Vranka, Keiko Ihaya, Caterina Grano, Nicola Cellini, Michał Białek, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Ilker Dalgar, Arca Adıgüzel, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Princess Lovella G. Maturan, Angelos P. Kassianos, Raquel Oliveira, Martin Čadek, Vera Cubela Adoric, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Therese E. Sverdrup, Balazs Aczel, Danilo Zambrano, Afroja Ahmed, Christian K. Tamnes, Yuki Yamada, Leonhard Volz, Naoyuki Sunami, Lilian Suter, Luc Vieira, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Julia Arhondis Kamburidis, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Tara Bulut Allred, Krystian Barzykowski, Benedict G Antazo, Andras N. Zsido, Dušana Dušan Šakan, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Lina Pernilla Ahlgren, Matej Hruška, Diego Vega, Efisio Manunta, Aviv Mokady, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Marcel Martončik, Nicolas Say, Katarzyna Filip, Roosevelt Vilar, Karolina Staniaszek, Milica Vdovic, Matus Adamkovic, Niklas Johannes, Nandor Hajdu, Noga Cohen, Clara Overkott, Dino Krupić, Barbora Hubena, Gustav Nilsonne, Giovanna Mioni, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Tatsunori Ishii, Zhang Chen, Elizaveta Kushnir, Cemre Karaarslan, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Ahmed Khaoudi, Małgorzata Kossowska, Jozef Bavolar, Karlijn Hoyer, Marta Roczniewska, Alper Karababa, Maja Becker, Renan P. Monteiro, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Irem Metin-Orta, Sylwia Adamus, Luca Kozma, Gabriela Czarnek, Artur Domurat, Eva Štrukelj, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Michal Parzuchowski, Sébastien Massoni, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Ekaterina Pronizius, Fany Muchembled, Kevin van Schie, Aslı Saçaklı, Evgeniya Hristova, Anna O. Kuzminska, Abdelilah Charyate, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Reza Afhami, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Erica D. Musser, Miroslav Sirota, Robert M. Ross, Siu Kit Yeung, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Francesco Foroni, Inês A. T. Almeida, Dmitry Grigoryev, David M. G. Lewis, Dawn L. Holford, Steve M. J. Janssen, Srinivasan Tatachari, Carlota Batres, Jonas K. Olofsson, Shimrit Daches, Anabel Belaus, Gerit Pfuhl, Nadia Sarai Corral-Frias, Daniela Sousa, Jan Philipp Röer, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Hendrik Godbersen, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Natalia Van Doren, Dongning Ren, Tripat Gill, Martin Voracek, Lisa M. DeBruine, Michele Anne, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Andrew G. Thomas, Alexios Arvanitis, Thomas Ostermann, Kelly Wolfe, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Carsten Bundt, Claus Lamm, Robert J Calin-Jageman, William E. Davis, Maria Karekla, Saša Zorjan, Lisa M. Jaremka, Jim Uttley, Monika Hricova, Monica A Koehn, Natalia Kiselnikova, Hui Bai, Anthony J. Krafnick, Busra Bahar Balci, Tonia Ballantyne, Samuel Lins, Zahir Vally, Celia Esteban-Serna, Kathleen Schmidt, Paulo Manuel L. Macapagal, Paulina Szwed, Przemysław Marcin Zdybek, David Moreau, W. Matthew Collins, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Iris Vilares, Ulrich S. Tran, Jordane Boudesseul, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Barnaby James Wyld Dixson, Jennifer T Perillo, Ana Ferreira, Erin C. Westgate, Christopher L. Aberson, Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze, Bastian Jaeger, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jaime R. Silva, Daniel Shafik Storage, Allison P Janak, William Jiménez-Leal, Jose A. Soto, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Randy McCarthy, Alexa M Tullett, Martha Frias-Armenta, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Andree Hartanto, Paul A. G. Forbes, Megan L. Willis, María del Carmen Tejada R, Adriana Julieth Olaya Torres, Ian D Stephen, David C. Vaidis, Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez, Karen Yu, Clare A. M. Sutherland, Mathi Manavalan, Behzad Behzadnia, Jan Urban, Ernest Baskin, Joseph P. McFall, Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya, Cynthia H. Y. Fu, Rima-Maria Rahal, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Thomas J. Hostler, Heather Barry Kappes, Piotr Sorokowski, Meetu Khosla, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Luis Eudave, Johannes K. Vilsmeier, Elkin O. Luis, Rafał Muda, Elena Agadullina, Rodrigo A. Cárcamo, Crystal Reeck, Gulnaz Anjum, Mónica Camila Toro Venegas, Michal Misiak, Richard M. Ryan, Nora L. Nock, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Michael C. Mensink, Gilad Feldman, Aaron L. Wichman, Weilun Chou, Ignazio Ziano, Martin Seehuus, William J. Chopik, Franki Y. H. Kung, Joelle Carpentier, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Hongfei Du, Qinyu Xiao, Tiago J. S. Lima, Chris Noone, Sandersan Onie, Frederick Verbruggen, Theda Radtke, Maximilian A. Primbs" "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data." "Modeling urgency in the lab : exploring the associations between self-reported urgency and behavioral responses to negative outcomes in laboratory gambling" "Charlotte Eben, Loïs Fournier, Frederick Verbruggen, Joël Billieux" "Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that relates to different behaviors in everyday life and has been associated with many psychopathological disorders and behavioral problems, such as problematic gambling behavior. One questionnaire to measure these several facets on a trait level is the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Specifically, the UPPS-P investigates five distinct facets: (a) negative urgency, (b) lack of premeditation, (c) lack of perseverance, (d) sensation seeking, and (e) positive urgency. Negative urgency at a trait level in particular seems to be associated with the development of psychopathological disorders. To date, there are no established state measures of negative urgency. However, it was recently proposed that speeding after losses might be a suitable measure. Thus, in this study, we explored the possible relationship between a state measure of negative urgency modeled through a behavioral gambling task and a trait measure of negative urgency through the UPPS-P questionnaire. We used correlational and network analyses in an aggregated database of eight samples (total N = 1216) to explore the potential relationships between post-loss speeding on the behavioral gambling task and UPPS-P scores (by combining trait vs. item-based analyses). We found that the degree of speeding after losses (post-loss speeding) did not correlate with the trait measure of impulsivity in general and negative urgency specifically, either at the latent trait level or on an item-based level. This null finding indicates that our state measure of post-loss speeding and negative urgency on a trait level does not seem to capture the same underlying constructs. Implications for personality research are discussed." "When response selection becomes gambling : post-error slowing and speeding in self-paced colour discrimination tasks" "Charlotte Eben, Luc Vermeylen, Zhang Chen, Wim Notebaert, Ivan Ivanchei, Frederick Verbruggen" "People tend to slow down after committing an error in many tasks. However, some studies failed to observe such post-error slowing. Furthermore, recent work found speeding after another type of sub-optimal outcomes: people often speed up after losses in gambling situations. What features determine whether people slow down or speed up after sub-optimal outcomes (error vs. loss)? To answer this question, we focused on the role of task characteristics and control over the outcome, by making a task where we previously observed post-error slowing more like tasks where we previously observed post-loss speeding. First, we made a color-discrimination task completely self-paced (Experiment 1A) and added reward/punishment (Experiment 1B). In both experiments, post-error slowing was observed, without modulation by reward/punishment. We then manipulated task difficulty to investigate the influence of control over the outcome. Consistent with our predictions, control over the outcome modulated post-error adjustments, as participants slowed down after controllable errors, but sped up after uncontrollable errors (Experiment 3). Importantly, this effect was global as post-error speeding was observed when controllable and ’uncontrollable’ errors were intermixed (Experiment 2), suggesting an influence of overall task context. Thus, responses to sub-optimal outcomes might depend on the control over the outcome." "Proactively adjusting stopping : response inhibition is faster when stopping occurs frequently" "Roos Doekemeijer, Anneleen Dewulf, Frederick Verbruggen, Nico Böhler" "People are able to stop actions before they are executed, and proactively slow down the speed of going in line with their expectations of needing to stop. Such slowing generally increases the probability that stopping will be successful. Surprisingly though, no study has clearly demonstrated that the speed of stopping (measured as the stop-signal reaction time, SSRT) is reduced by such proactive adjustments. In addition to a number of studies showing non-significant effects, the only study that initially had observed a clear effect in this direction found that it was artifactually driven by a confounding variable (specifically, by context-independence violations, which jeopardize the validity of the SSRT estimation). Here, we tested in two well-powered and well-controlled experiments whether the SSRT is shorter when stopping is anticipated. In each experiment, we used a Stop-Signal Task, in which the stop-trial frequency was either high (50%) or low (20%). Our results robustly show that the SSRT was shorter when stop signals were more anticipated (i.e., in the high-frequent condition) while carefully controlling for context-independence violations. Hence, our study is first to demonstrate a clear proactive benefit on the speed of stopping, in line with an ability to emphasize going or stopping, by trading off the speed of both." "In COVID-19 health messaging, loss framing increases anxiety with little-to-no concomitant benefits : experimental evidence from 84 countries" "Charles A. Dorison, Jennifer S. Lerner, Blake H. Heller, Alexander J. Rothman, Ichiro I. Kawachi, Ke Wang, Vaughan W. Rees, Brian P. Gill, Nancy Gibbs, Charles R. Ebersole, Zahir Vally, Zuzanna Tajchman, Andras N. Zsido, Mija Zrimsek, Zhang Chen, Ignazio Ziano, Zoi Gialitaki, Chris D. Ceary, Yijun Lin, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Yuki Yamada, Qinyu Xiao, Xiaoming Jiang, Xinkai Du, Elvin Yao, John Paul Wilson, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, William Jimenez-Leal, Wilbert Law, W. Matthew Collins, Karley L. Richard, Marek Vranka, Vladislav Ankushev, Vidar Schei, Valerija Krizanic, Veselina Hristova Kadreva, Vera Cubela Adoric, Ulrich S. Tran, Siu Kit Yeung, Widad Hassan, Ralph Houston, Tiago J. S. Lima, Thomas Ostermann, Thomas Frizzo, Therese E. Sverdrup, Thea House, Tripat Gill, Maksim Fedotov, Tamar Paltrow, Teodor Jernsäther, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Thomas J. Hostler, Tatsunori Ishii, Barnabas Szaszi, Sylwia Adamus, Lilian Suter, Sumaiya Habib, Anna Studzinska, Dragana Stojanovska, Steve M. J. Janssen, Stefan Stieger, Stefan E. Schulenberg, Srinivasan Tatachari, Soufian Azouaghe, Piotr Sorokowski, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Xin Song, Savannah C. Lewis, Sladjana Sinkolova, Dmitry Grigoryev, Shira Meir Drexler, Shimrit Daches, Shawn N. Geniole, Selena Vracar, Sébastien Massoni, Sasa Zorjan, Eylül Sarıoğuz, Sara Morales Izquierdo, Sara G. Alves, Sara Pöntinen, Sara Álvarez Solas, Santiago Ordoñez-Riaño, Sanja Batic Ocovaj, Sandersan Onie, Samuel Lins, Sami Çoksan, Asli Sacakli, Susana Ruiz-Fernández, Sandra J. Geiger, Saeideh FatahModares, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Ruben Betlehem, Roosevelt Vilar, Rodrigo Cárcamo, Robert M. Ross, Randy McCarthy, Tonia Ballantyne, Erin C. Westgate, Reza Afhami, Dongning Ren, Renan P. Monteiro, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Niv Reggev, Robert J. Calin-Jageman, Razieh Pourafshari, Raquel Oliveira, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Rima-Maria Rahal, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Theda Radtke, Rachel Searston, Redeate Habte, Przemyslaw Zdybek, Sau-Chin Chen, Princess Lovella G. Maturan, Jennifer T. Perillo, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Pavol Kacmár, Paulo Manuel Macapagal, Paulina Szwed, Paul H. P. Hanel, Paul A. G. Forbes, Patrícia Arriaga, Bastien Paris, Konstantinos Papachristopoulos, Pablo Sebastián Correa, Ondrej Kácha, Márcia Bernardo, Olatz Campos, Olalla Niño Bravo, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya, Olga Bialobrzeska, Natalia Kiselnikova, Nicolle Simonovic, Noga Cohen, Nora L. Nock, Niklas Johannes, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Nicolas Say, Nathan Torunsky, Natalia Van Doren, Naoyuki Sunami, Nikolay R. Rachev, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Khaoula Nadif, Nadia S. Corral-Frías, Nihal Ouherrou, Myrto Pantazi, Marc Y. Lucas, Martin R. Vasilev, María Victoria Ortiz, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Muhib Kabir, Rafal Muda, Maria del Carmen MC Tejada Rivera, Miroslav Sirota, Martin Seehuus, Michal Parzuchowski, Mónica Toro, Monika Hricova, Mónica Alarcón Maldonado, Magdalena Marszalek, Maria Karekla, Giovanna Mioni, Minke Jasmijn Bosma, Minja Westerlund, Milica Vdovic, Michal Bialek, Miguel A. Silan, Michele Anne, Michal Misiak, Maurice Grinberg, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Mauricio F. Espinoza Barría, Merve A. Kurfali, Michael C. Mensink, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Meetu Khosla, Max Korbmacher, Matúš Adamkovič, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Maria Terskova, Matej Hruška, Marcel Martončik, Martin Voracek, Martin Čadek, Martha Frías-Armenta, Marta Kowal, Marta Topor, Marta Roczniewska, Marlies Oosterlinck, Markéta Braun Kohlová, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Marina Romanova, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Maria Louise Lund, Maria Antoniadi, Marc V. Jones, Manuel S. Ortiz, Mathi Manavalan, Abdumalik Muminov, Małgorzata Kossowska, Maja Friedemann, Magdalena Wielgus, Marco A. C. Varella, Melissa F. Colloff, Maria Bradford, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Luis Eudave, Luc Vieira, Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda, Laura Calderón Pérez, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Lisa M. Jaremka, Elizaveta Kushnir, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Lina Ahlgren, Carmel A. Levitan, Leticia Micheli, Leonhard Volz, Marija Stojanovska, Leanne Boucher, Lara Samojlenko, Lady Grey Javela Delgado, Lada Kaliska, Lara Warmelink, Luis Miguel Rojas-Berscia, Karen Yu, Jakub Wachowicz, Kermeka Desai, Krystian Barzykowski, Luca Kozma, Kortnee Evans, Komila Kirgizova, Bamikole Emmanuel Agesin, Monica A Koehn, Kelly Wolfe, Tatiana Korobova, Kristoffer Klevjer, Kevin van Schie, Kevin Vezirian, Kaja Damnjanović, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Kathleen Schmidt, Katarzyna Filip, Karolina Grzech, Karlijn Hoyer, Karis Moon, Kafeel Rana, Kristina Janjić, Jordan W. Suchow, Julita Kielińska, Julio E Cruz Vásquez, Julia Beitner, Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto, Jose Carlos T. Roxas, Jennifer Taber, Joan Urriago-Rayo, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Jozef Bavolar, José A. Soto, Jonas K. Olofsson, Johannes K. Vilsmeier, Johanna Messerschmidt, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Jordane Boudesseul, Jeong Min Lee, Julia Kamburidis, Janis Zickfeld, Jacob F. Miranda, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Evgeniya Hristova, Julie E. Beshears, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Jasmijn Bosch, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Jan Antfolk, Jana B. Berkessel, Jana Schrötter, Jan Urban, Jan Philipp Röer, James O Norton, Jaime R. Silva, Jade S. Pickering, Jáchym Vintr, Jim Uttley, Jonas R. Kunst, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Aishwarya Iyer, Iris Vilares, Aleksandr Ivanov, Ivan Ropovik, Isabela Sula, Irena Sarieva, Irem Metin-Orta, Irina Prusova, Isabel Pinto, Andreea Ioana Bozdoc, Inês A. T. Almeida, Ilse L. Pit, Ilker Dalgar, Ilya Zakharov, Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze, Keiko Ihaya, Ian D. Stephen, Biljana Gjoneska, Hilmar Brohmer, Heather Flowe, Hendrik Godbersen, Halil Emre Kocalar, Mattie V. Hedgebeth, Hu Chuan-Peng, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Harry Manley, Handan Akkas, Nandor Hajdu, Habiba Azab, Gwenael Kaminski, Gustav Nilsonne, Gulnaz Anjum, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Gilad Feldman, Gerit Pfuhl, Gabriela Czarnek, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Gabriela Hofer, Gabriel Banik, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Frederick Verbruggen, Franki Y. H. Kung, Francesco Foroni, Gage Singer, Fany Muchembled, Flavio Azevedo, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Evelina Marinov, Eva Strukelj, Zahra Etebari, Ernest Baskin, Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia, Erica Musser, I.M.M. van Steenkiste, El Rim Ahn, Ekaterina Pronizius, Emily A Jackson, Efisio Manunta, Elena Agadullina, Dusana Sakan, Pinar Dursun, Olivier Dujols, Dmitrii Dubrov, Megan Willis, Murat Tümer, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Dora Popovic, Daniel Dunleavy, Ikhlas Djamai, Dino Krupic, Diego Vega, Hongfei Du, Débora Mola, William E. Davis, Dawn Liu Holford, David M. G. Lewis, David C. Vaidis, Daphna Hausman Ozery, Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte, Daniel Storage, Daniela Sousa, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Anna Dalla Rosa, Dajana Krupic, Dafne Marko, David Moreau, Crystal Reeck, Rita C. Correia, Cassie M. Whitt, Claus Lamm, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Claudia C. von Bastian, Clare AM Sutherland, Clara Overkott, Christopher L. Aberson, Chunhui Wang, Christiana Karashiali, Chris Noone, Faith Chiu, Chiara Picciocchi, Cemre Karaarslan, Nicola Cellini, Celia Esteban-Serna, Cecilia Reyna, Carlota Batres, Ranran Li, Caterina Grano, Joelle Carpentier, Christian K. Tamnes, Cynthia H.Y. Fu, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Lisa Bylinina, Bastian Jaeger, Carsten Bundt, Tara Bulut Allred, Ahmed Bokkour, Natalia Bogatyreva, William J. Chopik, Benedict Antazo, Behzad Behzadnia, Maja Becker, Beatrice Cocco, Wei-Lun Chou, Barbora Hubena, Barbara Zuro, Balazs Aczel, Ekaterina Baklanova, Hui Bai, Busra Bahar Balci, Peter Babincák, Barnaby James Wyld Dixson, Aviv Mokady, Heather Barry Kappes, Mohammad Atari, Anna Szala, Anna Szabelska, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Artur Domurat, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Arianna Modena, Arca Adiguzel, Arash Monajem, Kanza AIT EL ARABI, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Adriana Julieth Olaya Torres, Andriana Theodoropoulou, Anita Penic Jurkovic, Angelos P. Kassianos, Andrej Findor, Andree Hartanto, Anais Thibault Landry, Ana Ferreira, Anabela Caetano Santos, Anabel De la Rosa-Gomez, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Anna Louise Todsen, Alper Karababa, Allison Janak, Alexandre Bran, Alexa M. Tullett, Anna O. Kuzminska, Anthony J Krafnick, Anum Urooj, Ahmed Khaoudi, Afroja Ahmed, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Adeyemi Adetula, Anabel Belaus, Abdelilah Ca Charyate, Aaron L. Wichman, Alina Stoyanova, Anna Greenburgh, Andrew G. Thomas, Alexios Arvanitis, Patrick S. Forscher, Peter R Mallik, Maximilian A. Primbs, Jeremy K. Miller, Hannah Moshontz, Heather L. Urry, Hans IJzerman, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Christopher R. Chartier, Erin M. Buchanan, Nicholas A. Coles" "The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., “If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others”) or potential gains (e.g., “If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others”)? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions." "Post-error slowing reflects the joint impact of adaptive and maladaptive processes during decision making" "Fanny Fievez, Gerard Derosiere, Frederick Verbruggen, Julie Duque" "Errors and their consequences are typically studied by investigating changes in decision speed and accuracy in trials that follow an error, commonly referred to as ""post-error adjustments"". Many studies have reported that subjects slow down following an error, a phenomenon called ""post-error slowing"" (PES). However, the functional significance of PES is still a matter of debate as it is not always adaptive. That is, it is not always associated with a gain in performance and can even occur with a decline in accuracy. Here, we hypothesized that the nature of PES is influenced by one's speed-accuracy tradeoff policy, which determines the overall level of choice accuracy in the task at hand. To test this hypothesis, we had subjects performing a task in two distinct contexts (separate days), which either promoted speed (hasty context) or cautiousness (cautious context), allowing us to consider post-error adjustments according to whether subjects performed choices with a low or high accuracy level, respectively. Accordingly, our data indicate that post-error adjustments varied according to the context in which subjects performed the task, with PES being solely significant in the hasty context (low accuracy). In addition, we only observed a gain in performance after errors in a specific trial type, suggesting that post-error adjustments depend on a complex combination of processes that affect the speed of ensuing actions as well as the degree to which such PES comes with a gain in performance." "A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic." "Zhang Chen, Sofie Morbée, Maarten Vansteenkiste, Joachim Waterschoot, Frederick Verbruggen, Branko Vermote, Bart Soenens, on behalf of the Psychological Science Accelerator Self-Determination Theory Collaboration" "Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one's core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people's existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges." "Tenacious instructions : how to dismantle newly instructed task rules?" "Elger Abrahamse, Senne Braem, Jan De Houwer, Baptist Liefooghe" "Humans excel in instruction following to boost performance in unfamiliar situations. We can do so through so-called prepared reflexes: Abstract instructions are instantly translated into appropriate task rules in procedural working memory, after which imperative stimuli directly trigger their corresponding responses in a ballistic, reflex-like manner. But how much control do we have over these instructed task rules when their reflexes suddenly lose their relevance? Inspired by the phenomenon of directed forgetting in declarative working memory, we here tested across four experiments whether the presentation of (implicit or explicit) task cancellation cues results in the directed dismantling of recently instructed task rules. Our findings suggest that-even when cancelation cues are actively processed-such dismantling does not occur (Experiment 1-3) unless the no-longer relevant task rules are replaced by a new set of rules (Experiment 4). These findings and their implications are discussed in the broader context of action control and working memory." "Exploring strategies to optimise the impact of food-specific inhibition training on children’s food choices" "Lucy Porter, Fiona B. Gillison, Kim A. Wright, Frederick Verbruggen, Natalia S. Lawrence" "Food-specific inhibition training (FSIT) is a computerised task requiring response inhibition to energy-dense foods within a reaction-time game. Previous work indicates that FSIT can increase the number of healthy foods (relative to energy-dense foods) children choose, and decrease calories consumed from sweets and chocolate. Across two studies, we explored the impact of FSIT variations (e.g., different response signals, different delivery modes) on children's food choices within a time-limited hypothetical food-choice task. In Study 1, we varied the FSIT Go/No-Go signals to be emotive (happy vs. sad faces) or neutral (green vs. red signs). One-hundred-and-fifty-seven children were randomly allocated to emotive-FSIT, neutral-FSIT, or a non-food control task. Children participated in groups of 4-15. No significant FSIT effects were observed on food choices (all values of p > 0.160). Healthy-food choices decreased over time regardless of condition (p < 0.050). The non-significant effects could be explained by lower accuracy on energy-dense No-Go trials than in previous studies, possibly due to distraction in the group-testing environment. In Study 2, we compared computer-based FSIT (using emotive signals) and app-based FSIT (using neutral signals) against a non-food control with a different sample of 206 children, but this time children worked one-on-one with the experimenter. Children's accuracy on energy-dense No-Go trials was higher in this study. Children in the FSIT-computer group chose significantly more healthy foods at post-training (M = 2.78, SE = 0.16) compared to the control group (M = 2.02, SE = 0.16, p = 0.001). The FSIT-app group did not differ from either of the other two groups (M = 2.42, SE = 0.16, both comparisons p > 0.050). Healthy choices decreased over time in the control group (p = 0.001) but did not change in the two FSIT groups (both p > 0.300) supporting previous evidence that FSIT may have a beneficial effect on children's food choices. Ensuring that children perform FSIT with high accuracy (e.g., by using FSIT in quiet environments and avoiding group-testing) may be important for impacts on food choices though. Future research should continue to explore methods of optimising FSIT as a healthy-eating intervention for children."