Titel Deelnemers "Korte inhoud" "Comparing crowding perception and sensor counts at the Ghent festivities" "Laure De Cock, Christophe Vandeviver, Steven Verstockt, Guillaume Treille de Grandsaigne, Philippe De Doncker, Haosheng Huang, Nico Van de Weghe" "Little is known about crowding perception on events and the link with objective visitor counts and visitor's behavior. This research aims to fill this gap by collecting WiFi sensor counts and comparing them with perception ratings of visitors and police and first aid data of Europe's largest outdoor urban festival: the Ghent festivities. During 48 h visitors were asked to rate the human crowding, spatial crowding and pleasure on two event plazas and one passageway within the festivities zone. The results show that spatial crowding ratings are a better indicator for visitor counts than human crowding ratings. On two locations a pleasure drop occurred each night, which cannot be linked to the visitor counts, but it can be linked to people's ratings of crowding as follows: pleasure dropped when the human crowding ratings exceeded 3 and if the spatial crowding ratings increased above 3 on a five-point rating scale during the pleasure drop. In a last step, two datasets on visitor behavior were included in the analysis, i.e., number of police interventions and first aid visits. The analysis of these datasets shows that behavior, crowding and emotional response are linked at the Ghent festivities (e.g., at Vlasmarkt most police interventions and almost exactly 50% of the first aid happened during the pleasure drop), but we cannot say anything about the causality. This research demonstrates both the need for and potential of sensing what lives within a crowd in addition to the use of visitor counting sensors." "Examining competition among airline regarding route portfolios at domestic hubs under government regulation : the case of China's aviation market" "Yue Hu, Liang Dai, Kurt Fuellhart, Frank Witlox" "Numerous studies have explored airline competition on routes, with a limited focus on competition in route portfolios at hub airports. Route control regulations influence this competition. This study proposes a theoretical framework for examining airline competition in route portfolios at regulated hub airports, using the Chinese market as a case. The Chinese market, characterized by strict government regulations, has seen substantial passenger traffic growth. Considering the historical airline network structure as a key evaluation criterion in China’s regulations, we examine the impact of airline network structures on this competition. Findings reveal distinct airline network types: Mature, Hub-led, Direct-flight-led, Direct-flight-expansion, Hub-cultivation, and Initial. Mature and Hub-cultivation networks are associated with establishing numerous routes at airports with fewer competitor hubs. However, Mature airlines also dominate airports with significant competitor hubs. Hub-led, Direct-flight-led, and Direct-flight-expansion networks tend to establish many routes at airports with substantial competitor hubs, while Initial networks do not exhibit such competition. Aviation policy and company decisions significantly influence airline competitive positions at hub airports." "Characteristics and associated factors of self-reported sexual aggression in the Belgian population aged 16–69" "Evelyn Schapansky, Ines Keygnaert, Christophe Vandeviver" "Sexual violence is a major public health, societal, and judicial problem worldwide. Studies investigating the characteristics of its perpetrators often rely on samples of convicted offenders, which are biased by low reporting and conviction rates. Based on a self-report study in the Belgian general population aged 16 to 69 (n = 4687), we provide lifetime and past-year prevalence rates of sexual aggression and report the characteristics of the events, including type, target, and the applied coercion strategies. Future research should use behaviourally specific questions that take the perpetrator’s perspective into account to limit interpretation ambiguity which could reduce unintentional non-disclosure of sexual aggression." "Simple indicators of crime and police : how big data can be used to reveal temporal patterns" "Philipp Martin Dau, Maite Dewinter, Tom Vander Beken" "Exploring sociodemographic and mental health differences among constructed male victim severity profiles" "Joke Depraetere, Tom Vander Beken" "Stigmas and taboos surrounding male sexual violence, stating that men cannot be sexually victimized and would not experience many adverse effects as a result, continue to shroud the issue of male sexual victimization (SV). Male victims, therefore, remain under-recognized in research, policy, and treatment provisions. Furthermore, knowledge regarding male SV is severely compromised by studying male victims in convenience samples with a focus on hands-on forms of sexual violence. Finally, severity of SV is often described using a one-dimensional approach based on presumed severity leading to an oversimplified image. This study addresses these various gaps in scientific research by constructing severity profiles of male SV based on self-reported consequences, prevalence, and co-occurrence of SV. A total of 1,078 male victims were selected from a Belgian nationally representative sample collected between October 2019 and January 2021. Profiles are constructed using latent class analysis. Sociodemographic differences across the profiles are examined through multinomial regression analysis. Finally, differences in current mental health problems across the profiles are assessed. Four distinct male victim profiles are identified: (a) low severity-low victimization (58.3%), (b) medium severity-hands-off victimization (21.4%), (c) medium severity-poly-victimization (13.3%), and (d) high severity-poly-victimization (7.0%). Group comparisons show how male victims in the high-severity class report significantly higher rates of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicide and/or self-harm. Significant differences in class membership were found for age, occupational status, relationship status, sexual orientation, and financial status. This study provides new insights in the patterns of male SV and highlights the presence of poly-victimization among male victims. Additionally, we point out how the so-called minor forms of SV (i.e., hands-off SV) can have a large effect on male victims. The study ends with suggestions for care and future research." "Police equilibrium : a glocal assessment of the demand and supply of police" "Philipp Martin Dau, Maite Dewinter, Tom Vander Beken" "Politie en openbaar ministerie" "Fien Van Damme, Tom Vander Beken" Strafrecht "Tom Vander Beken, Stéphanie De Coensel" "Het overtreden van sommige basisnormen in onze maatschappij wordt als strafbaar beschouwd. Het strafrecht bepaalt nader welke handelingen, daden en verzuimen als een misdrijf moeten worden beschouwd. Welke basisprincipes kenmerken het strafrecht? Dit is de kern van het materieel strafrecht. Maar vooraleer iemand strafbaar kan worden gesteld, moet eerst het misdrijf opgespoord worden, moet er een onderzoek plaatsvinden, een vervolging worden ingesteld en moet betrokkene berecht worden voor de rechtbank. Dit zijn de regels van het strafprocesrecht." "Introduction : criminological research and strategic choices" "Antoinette Verhage, Tom Vander Beken, Christophe Vandeviver, Jacques de Maillard, Fabien Jobard, Joanna Shapland" "Evolutions in undirected travel (satisfaction) during the COVID-19 pandemic" "Hannah Hook, Jonas De Vos, Veronique Van Acker, Frank Witlox" "The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated that undirected travel (UT), or trips taken for their own sake, can partly compensate for a reduction in destination-based trips due to governmental regulations. Consequently, UT (in general, but particularly during the pandemic) may be especially satisfying and therefore important to subjective well-being. However, through the course of the pandemic, changes in UT were anticipated as individuals adapted to a 'new normal'. This research - con-ducted in Flanders, Belgium - first investigates whether the characteristics of and satisfaction with UT persisted after one year into the pandemic (April 2020 to May 2021) using longitudinal panel data from two waves (n = 332). Results of paired sample t-tests indicate that UT satisfaction increased though duration of trips decreased, and results of the Sign test indicate that the fre-quency of UT generally decreased. Second, this research investigates characteristics of individuals with different UT behavior. Six profiles of UT behavior were identified based on starting or stopping UT, increasing or decreasing UT, maintaining UT frequency, or not participating in UT. Chi2 tests identified differences among profiles based on wave 1 UT frequency, most recent trip mode, socio-demographic, and household characteristics. Results indicate that participation in UT might motivate future UT, one to three UT trips per week is a maintainable frequency, UT might be important to those with smaller living spaces and those living with children or other adults, and suggest that attention should be paid to mobility equity, including how and for whom systems are planned. These findings are important to understanding the effects of long-term governmental regulations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on travel behavior, and how investigating UT might help to challenge and reimagine traditional mobility systems post-pandemic."