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The role of ketone bodies in physiological and muscular adaptations to exercise and training

Boek - Dissertatie

Ketone bodies are naturally occurring chemical compounds produced from fatty acids in the liver in response to low blood glucose and insulin levels. Under physiological conditions, they are only present at minimal levels in humans, whereas a substantial increment has been observed during energetic stress, including starvation and intensive exercise. Under such conditions, ketone bodies can provide an alternative energy supply for brain, heart and skeletal muscle, and may suppress glucose utilization and muscle protein catabolism. Moreover, ketone bodies have been shown to induce some changes in the process of ATP generation by the mitochondria, resulting in more energy release from ATP hydrolysis, making ketones a more efficient energy source compared to glucose and fatty acids. Based on the ability of ketone bodies to spare glucose and gluconeogenic reserves and their ability to increase muscle thermodynamics, elevating blood ketone bodies has already for a long time been considered to improve endurance exercise performance. In addition, ketone bodies may also stimulate post-exercise recovery and has been shown to modulate a range of putative factors implicated in the development of overtraining. Despite these beneficial effects of ketone bodies, traditional methods to increase circulating ketone bodies (e.g. fasting or a ketogenic diet) failed to enhance exercise performance or post-exercise recovery due to their dependence on low-carbohydrate intake. However, recently with the development of the oral ingestible ketone ester (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (KE) this potential could for the first time be investigated in the presence of adequate carbohydrate intake. Therefore, the general aim of this project was to investigate the effect of KE on acute endurance exercise performance as well as its potential to counteract the development of overtraining.
Jaar van publicatie:2020
Toegankelijkheid:Open