Ion recovery from spent lithium-ion battery sources by selective-electrodialysis (SED) KU Leuven
The consumption of lithium increased from 70000 to 93000 tons between 2020-2021, which is mainly due to the rapid expansion of the lithium-ion battery market. Accordingly, the global LIB recycling market is expected to increase from currently US$ 3.5 billion to US$ 23.7 billion by 2030. However, this will leave behind two major problems in the future: 1) How to dispose and treat the hundreds of millions of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)? ...