PERSUADE_Experimental research into the future sustainable use of artificial hard substrates in the North Sea Ghent University
Future coastal ecosystems will be challenged with a multitude of ecosystem-level stressors, resulting from both local anthropogenic activities and environmental change acting at the global scale. The installation of offshore wind farms (OWFs) is currently a major human activity in the coastal North Sea area, resulting in the introduction of large surfaces of artificial hard substrates (AHSs) in an otherwise sandy environment. At the moment, ...