Membrane potential regulates G-protein coupled receptors: role in ligand bias Ghent University
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) do not only signal via the canonical pathway, but they can also signal via G-protein independent pathways. To complicate the signaling mechanism further, some GPCR ligands show a bias: they can for instance act as antagonists in the G protein-dependent pathway but act as agonists in the independent pathway. GPCRs can also display signaling bias whereby different ligands activate different signaling ...