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Virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and in patients dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 in the Gambia and emergence of drug-resistant variants University of Antwerp
Drug design, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and drug resistance studies have focused almost exclusively on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), resulting in limited information for patients infected with HIV-2 and for those dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2. In this study, 20 patients, 12 infected with HIV-2 and 8 dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2, all treated with zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), and lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r), ...
Differences in HIV-2 plasma viral load and immune activation in HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually infected persons and those infected with HIV-2 only in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Institute of Tropical Medicine
The HIV-2 OGH double reporter virus shows that HIV-2 is less cytotoxic and less sensitive to reactivation from latency than HIV-1 in cell culture KU Leuven
A better understanding of HIV-1 latency is a research priority in HIV cure research. Conversely, little is known about the latency characteristics of HIV-2, the closely related human lentivirus. Though both viruses cause AIDS, HIV-2 infection progresses more slowly with significantly lower viral loads, even when corrected for CD4+ T cell counts. Hence a direct comparison of latency characteristics between HIV-1 and HIV-2 could provide important ...
Evaluation of four rapid tests for diagnosis and differentiation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in Guinea-Conakry, West Africa Institute of Tropical Medicine
With both HIV-1 and HV-2 prevalent in Guinea-Conakry, accurate diagnosis and differentiation is crucial for treatment purposes. Thus, four rapid HIV tests were evaluated for their HIV-1 and HIV-2 diagnostic and discriminative capacity for use in Guinea-Conakry. These included SD Bioline HIV 1/2 3.0 (Standard Diagnostics Inc.), Genie II HIV1/HIV2 (Bio-Rad), First Response HIV Card Test 1-2.0 (PMC Medical) and Immunoflow HIV1-HIV2 (Core ...
Discriminatory capacity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 of the new rapid confirmation assay Geenius Institute of Tropical Medicine
The currently used HIV confirmatory assays, Western blot and line immunoassay, are costly, complex and time-consuming. There is a need for cheaper, simpler and faster assays for use in high- and low-resource settings. Furthermore, it is necessary to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection due to differences in disease progression, monitoring and treatment options. Because the new Geenius HIV 1/2 Confirmatory Assay (Bio-Rad) has a ...
Sixteen years of HIV surveillance in a West African research clinic reveals divergent epidemic trends of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Institute of Tropical Medicine
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 epidemic in West Africa is characterized by a slower rise than that in Eastern and Southern Africa. The HIV-2 epidemic in West Africa may be declining, but few long-term data exist.
METHODS: In a research clinic in The Gambia, HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence trends among all new patients being tested for HIV were examined over a 16 year period (1988 till 2003). In newly diagnosed patients a baseline CD4 count was ...
Transmitted drug resistance, selection of resistance mutations and moderate antiretroviral efficacy in HIV-2: analysis of the HIV-2 Belgium and Luxembourg database. Vrije Universiteit Brussel
BACKGROUND: Guidelines established for the treatment of HIV-1 infection and genotype interpretation do not apply for HIV-2. Data about antiretroviral (ARV) drug efficacy and resistance mutations is scarce. METHODS: Clinical data about HIV-2 infected patients in Belgium and Luxembourg were collected and the effect of ARV therapy on plasma viral load and CD4 counts were analysed. Viral RNA encoding for protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) ...
Treatment outcomes among HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy in a concentrated low prevalence setting in West Africa Institute of Tropical Medicine
BACKGROUND: There is little data on responses to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) among HIV-infected children in the West African region. We describe treatment outcomes among HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected children initiating cART in a research clinic in The Gambia, West Africa. METHODS: All treatment naive HIV-infected children who initiated cART according to the WHO ART guidelines for children between October 2004 and December 2009 were ...
Incidence of tuberculosis and survival after its diagnosis in patients infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 Institute of Tropical Medicine
BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequently diagnosed opportunistic infection and cause of death among HIV-infected patients. HIV-2 has been associated with less immune suppression, slower disease progression and longer survival.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the incidence of TB and survival after TB are associated with CD4 cell count rather than HIV type.
METHODS: Clinical and immunological ...