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IL-11 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes and inflammatory cell migration to the central nervous system Hasselt University

Maryamsadat Seyedsadr, Yan Wang, Manal Elzoheiry, Sowmya Shree Gopal, Soohwa Jang, Gayel DURAN, Inna Chervoneva, Ezgi Kasimoglou, John A. Wrobel, Daniel Hwang, et al.
The objective of this study is to examine IL - 11-induced mechanisms of inflammatory cell migration to the central nervous system (CNS). We report that IL -11 is produced at highest frequency by myeloid cells among the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets. Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have an increased frequency of IL -11+ monocytes, IL -11+ and IL -11R+ CD4+ lymphocytes, and IL -11R+ neu-trophils in ...

Acute injury in the peripheral nervous system triggers an alternative macrophage response. Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Elke Ydens, A. Cauwels, Bob Asselbergh, Sofie Goethals, L. Peeraer, Guillaume Lornet, Leonardo Almeida-Souza, Jo A Van Ginderachter, Vincent Timmerman, Sophie Janssens, et al.
BACKGROUND: The activation of the immune system in neurodegeneration has detrimental as well as beneficial effects. Which aspects of this immune response aggravate the neurodegenerative breakdown and which stimulate regeneration remains an open question. To unravel the neuroprotective aspects of the immune system we focused on a model of acute peripheral nerve injury, in which the immune system was shown to be protective.

METHODS: To ...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a driving force behind neuroplasticity in neuropathic and central sensitization pain Vrije Universiteit Brussel University of Antwerp

Jo Nijs, Mira Meeus, Jan Versijpt, Maarten Moens, Inge Bos, Kristel Knaepen, Romain Meeusen

INTRODUCTION: Central sensitization is a form of maladaptive neuroplasticity underlying many chronic pain disorders, including neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, whiplash, headache, chronic pelvic pain syndrome and some forms of osteoarthritis, low back pain, epicondylitis, shoulder pain and cancer pain. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a driving force behind neuroplasticity, and it is therefore crucial for neural maintenance and ...

Low dopamine transporter occupancy by methylphenidate as a possible reason for reduced treatment effectiveness in ADHD patients with cocaine dependence Vrije Universiteit Brussel University of Antwerp

Cleo L Crunelle, Wim van den Brink, Dick J. Veltman, Katelijne van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen, Geert Dom, Robert A Schoevers, Jan Booij

Methylphenidate (MPH) occupies brain striatal dopamine transporters (DATs) and is an effective treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, patients with ADHD and comorbid cocaine dependence do not benefit significantly from treatment with MPH. To better understand the neurobiology of this phenomenon, we examined DAT availability and the effects of MPH treatment on DAT occupancy in ADHD patients with and without ...

Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease - Behavioral validity and use in preclinical therapy evaluation KU Leuven

Alzheimers disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aß) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the brain and a profound memory loss with increasing age. Transgenic mouse models have been developed which partially mimic similar aspects observed in human AD. The amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates an imbalance in Aß production and clearance to initiate AD ...

Immunopharmacological intervention for successful neural stem cell therapy: New perspectives in CNS neurogenesis and repair. Hasselt University

Dearbhaile DOOLEY, Pia VIDAL VERA, Sven HENDRIX
The pharmacological support and stimulation of endogenous and transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) is a major challenge in brain repair. Trauma to the central nervous system (CNS) results in a distinct inflammatory response caused by local and infiltrating immune cells. This makes NSC-supported regeneration difficult due to the presence of inhibitory immune factors which are upregulated around the lesion site. The continual and dual role of the ...

Benefits of pharmacological and electrical cholinergic stimulation in hypertension and heart failure KU Leuven

João Guedelha Sabino
Systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure are cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. They are characterized by a change in the autonomic nervous system balance, highlighted by an increase in sympathetic activity associated with a decrease in parasympathetic activity. Most therapeutic approaches seek to treat these diseases by medications that attenuate sympathetic activity. However, there is a growing ...

Intraneuronal and intercellular drivers of successful axonal regeneration in adult zebrafish -Unraveling the role of mitochondrial dynamics and Müller glia-myeloid cell crosstalk in optic nerve regeneration- KU Leuven

Annelies Van Dyck
Treating ischemic and traumatic central nervous system (CNS) insults as well as neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and glaucoma, is one of the leading medical and socioeconomic challenges faced by our aging society. These currently incurable conditions lead to progressive neuronal degeneration and irreversible impairments in the adult mammalian CNS, as damaged neurons cannot be repaired, ...

Modelling neuroinflammation in a dish using murine iPSC-derived microglia and macrophages University of Antwerp

Alessandra Quarta
Neuroinflammation is defined as the development of an inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) upon trauma or disease. The post-insult neuroinflammatory environment is generally colonized by two myeloid cell populations: endogenous parenchymal microglia and blood-derived monocytes that infiltrate the CNS in response to a compromised blood-brain-barrier. Both these cell populations are characterized by multiple functional states ...

Amelioration of functional and histopathological consequences after spinal cord injury through phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibition University of Antwerp Hasselt University

Melissa Schepers, Sven Hendrix, Femke Mussen, Elise Van Breedam, Peter Ponsaerts, Stefanie Lemmens, Niels Hellings, Roberta Ricciarelli, Ernesto Fedele, Olga Bruno, et al.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-changing event that severely impacts the patient's quality of life. Modulating neuroinflammation, which exacerbates the primary injury, and stimulating neuro-regenerative repair mechanisms are key strategies to improve functional recovery. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger crucially involved in both processes. Following SCI, intracellular levels of cAMP are known to decrease over time. ...