Response prediction in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma treated with angiogenesis and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors KU Leuven
Angiogenesis inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are efficient therapies for metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). From 2020 on, standard first-line therapy will be the combination of two ICPIs (nivolumab/ipilimumab) or the combination of one ICPI (pembrolizumab or avelumab) and one VEGFR-TKI (axitinib). VEGFR-TKIs in monotherapy (cabozantinb, axitinib) are used from second-line on. However, few ...