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Lower levels of antiretroviral therapy enrollment among men with HIV compared with women - 12 countries, 2002-2013 Institute of Tropical Medicine

A.F. Auld, R.W. Shiraishi, F Mbofana, A. Couto, E.B. Fetogang, S. El-Halabi, R. Lebelonyane, P.T. Pilatwe, N. Hamunime, V. Okello, et al.
Equitable access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for men and women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a principle endorsed by most countries and funding bodies, including the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Relief (PEPFAR) (1). To evaluate gender equity in ART access among adults (defined for this report as persons aged >/=15 years), 765,087 adult ART patient medical records from ...

Retention and risk factors for attrition among adults in antiretroviral treatment programmes in Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia Institute of Tropical Medicine University of Antwerp

Olivier Koole, S. Tsui, F. Wabwire-Mangen, G. Kwesigabo, Joris Menten, M. Mulenga, A. Auld, S. Agolory, Y.D. Mukadi, Robert Colebunders, et al.
OBJECTIVES: We assessed retention and predictors of attrition (recorded death or loss to follow-up) in antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinics in Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among adults (>/=18 years) starting ART during 2003-2010. We purposefully selected six health facilities per country and randomly selected 250 patients from each facility. Patients who visited clinics at least once during ...

Safety of daily co-trimoxazole in pregnancy in an area of changing malaria epidemiology Institute of Tropical Medicine KU Leuven University of Antwerp

Christine Manyando, Eric M Njunju, David Mwakazanga, Gershom Chongwe, Rhoda Mkandawire, Davies Champo, Modest Mulenga, Maaike De Crop, Yves Claeys, Raffaella Ravinetto, et al.

INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic therapy during pregnancy may be beneficial and impacts positively on the reduction of adverse pregnancy outcomes. No studies have been done so far on the effects of daily Co-trimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis on birth outcomes. A phase 3b randomized trial was conducted to establish that daily CTX in pregnancy is not inferior to SP intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in reducing placental malaria; preventing peripheral ...

Antiretroviral therapy enrollment characteristics and outcomes among HIV-infected adolescents and young adults compared with older adults - seven African countries, 2004-2013 Institute of Tropical Medicine

A.F. Auld, S.G. Agolory, R.W. Shiraishi, F. Wabwire-Mangen, G. Kwesigabo, M. Mulenga, S Hachizovu, E. Asadu, M.Z. Tuho, V. Ettiegne Traore, et al.
Although scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2005 has contributed to declines of about 30% in the global annual number of human immunodeficiency (HIV)-related deaths and declines in global HIV incidence, estimated annual HIV-related deaths among adolescents have increased by about 50% and estimated adolescent HIV incidence has been relatively stable. In 2012, an estimated 2,500 (40%) of all 6,300 daily new HIV infections occurred ...

Implementation of evidence-based antenatal care in Mozambique Institute of Tropical Medicine Ghent University

Leonardo Chavane, Mario Merialdi, Ana Pilar Betrán, Jennifer Requejo-Harris, Eduardo Bergel, Alicia Aleman, Mercedes Colomar, Maria Luisa Cafferata, Alicia Carbonell, Beatrice Crahay, et al.

BACKGROUND: Antenatal care (ANC) reduces maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality directly through the detection and treatment of pregnancy-related illnesses, and indirectly through the detection of women at increased risk of delivery complications. The potential benefits of quality antenatal care services are most significant in low-resource countries where morbidity and mortality levels among women of reproductive age and neonates are ...

Whole-genome sequencing of Theileria parva strains provides insight into parasite migration and diversification in the African continent Institute of Tropical Medicine

K. Hayashida, T. Abe, W. Weir, R. Nakao, K. Ito, K. Kajino, Y. Suzuki, F. Jongejan, Dirk Geysen, C Sugimoto, et al.
The disease caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Theileria parva, known as East Coast fever or Corridor disease, is one of the most serious cattle diseases in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa. We performed whole-genome sequencing of nine T. parva strains, including one of the vaccine strains (Kiambu 5), field isolates from Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania, or Rwanda, and two buffalo-derived strains. Comparison with the reference Muguga ...

A dimorphic fungus causing disseminated infection in South Africa Institute of Tropical Medicine

Christopher Kenyon, K. Bonorchis, C. Corcoran, G. Meintjes, M. Locketz, R. Lehloenya, H.F. Vismer, P. Naicker, H. Prozesky, M. van Wyk, et al.
Background The genus emmonsia contains three species that are associated with human disease. Emmonsia crescens and Emmonsia parva are the agents that cause adiaspiromycosis, and one human case of Emmonsia pasteuriana infection has been described. We report a fungal pathogen within the genus emmonsia that is most closely related to E. pasteuriana in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults in South Africa. Methods Between July 2008 and ...