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Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in Pan: A Composite Measure Approach Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

Nicky Staes, Kim Vermeulen, Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen, Jonas R R Torfs, Marcel Eens, Jeroen M. G. Stevens

This study aimed to construct a composite model of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance (DCT) in zoo-housed bonobos and chimpanzees using a validated experimental cofeeding paradigm and to investigate whether components resulting from this model differ between the two species or vary with factors such as sex, age, kinship and social bond strength. Using dimension reduction analysis on five behavioral variables from the experimental paradigm (proximity, ...

Adult bonobos show no prosociality in both prosocial choice task and group service paradigm Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen, Daan Laméris, Nicky Staes, Jeroen M. G. Stevens

Previous studies reported contrasting conclusions concerning bonobo prosociality, which are likely due to differences in the experimental design, the social dynamics among subjects and characteristics of the subjects themselves. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of prosociality in animals: the cooperative breeding hypothesis and the self-domestication hypothesis. While the former predicts low levels of prosociality ...

Bonobo personality predicts friendship Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

Jonas Verspeek, Nicky Staes, Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen, Marcel Eens, Jeroen M. G. Stevens
In bonobos, strong bonds have been documented between unrelated females and between mothers and their adult sons, which can have important fitness benefits. Often age, sex or kinship similarity have been used to explain social bond strength variation. Recent studies in other species also stress the importance of personality, but this relationship remains to be investigated in bonobos. We used behavioral observations on 39 adult and adolescent ...

Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Michael L. Wilson, Christophe Boesch, Barbara Fruth, Takeshi Furuichi, Ian C. Gilby, Chie Hashimoto, Catherine L. Hobaiter, Gottfried Hohmann, Noriko Itoh, Kathelijne Koops, et al.
Observations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) provide valuable comparative data for understanding the significance of conspecific killing. Two kinds of hypothesis have been proposed. Lethal violence is sometimes concluded to be the result of adaptive strategies, such that killers ultimately gain fitness benefits by increasing their access to resources such as food or mates(1-5). Alternatively, it could be a ...

Chimpanzees communicate to coordinate a cultural practice Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

Zoë Goldsborough, Anne M. Schel, Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen

Human culture thrives by virtue of communication, yet whether communication plays an influential role in the cultural lives of other animals remains understudied. Here, we investigated whether chimpanzees use communication to engage in a cultural practice by analysing grooming handclasp (GHC) interactions-a socio-cultural behaviour requiring interindividual coordination for successful execution. Previous accounts attributed GHC initiations to ...

Biased cultural transmission of a social custom in chimpanzees Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen, William J. E. Hoppitt

Cultural transmission studies in animals have predominantly focused on identifying between-group variation in tool-use techniques, while immaterial cultures remain understudied despite their potential for highlighting similarities between human and animal culture. Here, using long-term data from two chimpanzee communities, we tested whether one of chimpanzees' most enigmatic social customs-the grooming handclasp-is culturally transmitted by ...

What isn't social tolerance? The past, present, and possible future of an overused term in the field of primatology Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

S.E. DeTroy, Daniel B. M. Haun, Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen
In the past four decades, the term social tolerance has been utilized to describe, explain, and predict many different aspects of primates' sociality and has been measured with a large range of traits and behaviors. To date, however, there has been little discussion on whether these different phenomena all reflect one and the same construct. This paper opens the discussion by presenting the historical development of the term social tolerance and ...

Chimpanzees behave prosocially in a group-specific manner Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen, S.E. DeTroy, S.P. Kaufhold, C. Dubois, S. Schütte, Josep Call, Daniel B. M. Haun

Chimpanzees act cooperatively in the wild, but whether they afford benefits to others, and whether their tendency to act prosocially varies across communities, is unclear. Here, we show that chimpanzees from neighboring communities provide valuable resources to group members at personal cost, and that the magnitude of their prosocial behavior is group specific. Provided with a resource-donation experiment allowing free (partner) choice, we ...

Copy-the-majority of instances or individuals? Two approaches to the majority and their consequences for conformist decision-making Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Thomas J. H. Morgan, Alberto Acerbi, Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen
Cultural evolution is the product of the psychological mechanisms that underlie individual decision making. One commonly studied learning mechanism is a disproportionate preference for majority opinions, known as conformist transmission. While most theoretical and experimental work approaches the majority in terms of the number of individuals that perform a behaviour or hold a belief, some recent experimental studies approach the majority in ...