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Evaluating Self-Directed Behaviours and Their Association with Emotional Arousal across Two Cognitive Tasks in Bonobos (Pan paniscus) Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

Daan Laméris, Jonas Verspeek, Marina Salas, Nicky Staes, Jonas Torfs, M Eens, Jeroen Stevens

Self-directed behaviours (SDBs) are widely used as markers of emotional arousal in primates, and are commonly linked to negative arousal, or are used as indicators of stress or poor welfare. However, recent studies suggest that not all SDBs have the same function. Moreover, lateralisation in the production of these behaviours has been suggested to be associated with emotional processing. Hence, a better understanding of the production and the ...

A chromosome-scale genome assembly of the okapi (Okapia johnstoni) Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Sven Winter, Raphael T F Coimbra, Philippe Helsen, Axel Janke

The okapi (Okapia johnstoni), or forest giraffe, is the only species in its genus and the only extant sister group of the giraffe within the family Giraffidae. The species is one of the remaining large vertebrates surrounded by mystery because of its elusive behavior as well as the armed conflicts in the region where it occurs, making it difficult to study. Deforestation puts the okapi under constant anthropogenic pressure, and it is ...

Transition to siblinghood causes a substantial and long-lasting increase in urinary cortisol levels in wild bonobos Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Verena Behringer, Andreas Berghaenel, Tobias Deschner, Sean M. Lee, Barbara Fruth, Gottfried Hohmann
In animals with slow ontogeny and long-term maternal investment, immatures are likely to experience the birth of a younger sibling before reaching maturity. In these species, the birth of a sibling marks a major event in an offspring's early life as the older siblings experience a decrease in maternal support. The transition to siblinghood (TTS) is often considered to be stressful for the older offspring, but physiological evidence is lacking. ...

Gastrointestinal symbiont diversity in wild gorilla: A comparison of bacterial and strongylid communities across multiple localities Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Bethan Mason, Klara J. Petrzelkova, Jakub Kreisinger, Torsten Bohm, Barbora Cervena, Emilie Fairet, Terence Fuh, Andres Gomez, Sascha Knauf, Ulrich Maloueki, et al.
Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are Critically Endangered and show continued population decline. Consequently, pressure is mounting to better understand their conservation threats and ecology. Gastrointestinal symbionts, such as bacterial and eukaryotic communities, are believed to play vital roles in the physiological landscape of the host. Gorillas host a broad spectrum of eucaryotes, so called parasites, with strongylid ...

Genetic determinants of individual variation in the superior temporal sulcus of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

William D. Hopkins, Nicky Staes, Chet C. Sherwood, Steven J. Schapiro, Brenda J. Bradley
The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is a conserved fold that divides the middle and superior temporal gyri. In humans, there is considerable variation in the shape, folding pattern, lateralization, and depth of the STS that have been reported to be associated with social cognition and linguistic functions. We examined the role that genetic factors play on individual variation in STS morphology in chimpanzees. The surface area and depth of the STS ...

Dominance or Tolerance? Causes and consequences of a period of increased intercommunity encounters among bonobos (Pan paniscus) at LuiKotale Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Liza R. Moscovice, Gottfried Hohmann, Benjamin C. Trumble, Barbara Fruth, Adrian Jaeggi V
Group-living primates exhibit variable reactions to intergroup encounters (or IGEs), reflecting species-specific strategies and individual motivations. In chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), dominating in IGEs provides fitness benefits. Less is known about responses to IGEs in bonobos (Pan paniscus) despite their equal relevance for understanding the origins of human intergroup relations. We observed the Bompusa West (WBp) bonobo community at ...

Coupled forest zoning and agricultural intervention yields conflicting outcomes for tropical forest conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp Ghent University

Janet Nackoney, M. Demol, H. A. Akpona, Marijn Bauters, P. Boeckx, Jef Dupain, C. Facheux, M. C. Hansen, J-C Kalemba, A. G. Kehbila, et al.
Agricultural intensification and forest conservation are often seen as incompatible. Agricultural interventions can help boost food security for poor rural communities but in certain cases can exacerbate deforestation, known as the rebound effect. We tested whether coupling agricultural interventions with participatory forest zoning could improve food security and promote forest conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Simple ...

Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in Pan: A Composite Measure Approach Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

Nicky Staes, Kim Vermeulen, Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen, Jonas Verspeek, Jonas Torfs, Marcel Eens, Jeroen Stevens

This study aimed to construct a composite model of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance (DCT) in zoo-housed bonobos and chimpanzees using a validated experimental cofeeding paradigm and to investigate whether components resulting from this model differ between the two species or vary with factors such as sex, age, kinship and social bond strength. Using dimension reduction analysis on five behavioral variables from the experimental paradigm (proximity, ...

Datasets for assessing the structure and drivers of biological sounds Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Johan Diepstraten, James Kuemo Kuenbou, Jacob Willie

Obtaining and analysing sound data can be a tedious and lengthy process. We present sound data consisting of 20,485 1 min sound recordings obtained in three sites within a rainforest landscape in southeast Cameroon. The sites differ in anthropogenic disturbance. We also present meta data corresponding to these recordings with the identification of all animal vocalisations in each 1 min sound recording. Additionally, we provide a raw database ...

Orostylis gen. nov., a new genus of Dalytyphloplanida with seven new species (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp Hasselt University

Stefan Gobert, Werner Armonies, Yander L. Diez, Philippe Jouk, Marlies Monnens, Nathalie Revis, Patrick C. Reygel, Julian Smith III, Niels Van Steenkiste, Tom J. Artois, et al.
We describe a new genus of dalytyphloplanid rhabdocoels, with seven new species. Orostylis gen. nov. has a unique combination of characters including the presence of a sclerotised stylet, an anteriorly positioned male copulatory organ with the male genital pore in the buccal cavity, and the absence of an oviduct. The ovary empties directly into the intestinal lumen. Orostylis dohae sp. nov., Orostylis asinaraensis sp. nov., Orostylis caecus sp. ...