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Adult bonobos show no prosociality in both prosocial choice task and group service paradigm Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

Jonas Verspeek, Edwin van Leeuwen, Daan Laméris, Nicky Staes, Jeroen Stevens

Previous studies reported contrasting conclusions concerning bonobo prosociality, which are likely due to differences in the experimental design, the social dynamics among subjects and characteristics of the subjects themselves. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of prosociality in animals: the cooperative breeding hypothesis and the self-domestication hypothesis. While the former predicts low levels of prosociality ...

After short interbirth intervals, captive callitrichine monkeys have higher infant mortality Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Brett M Frye, Dakota E. McCoy, Jennifer Kotler, Amanda Embury, Judith M Burkart, Monika Burns, Simon Eyre, Peter Galbusera, Jacqui Hooper, Arun Idoe, et al.
Life history theory predicts a trade-off between the quantity and quality of offspring. Short interbirth intervals—the time between successive births—may increase the quantity of offspring but harm offspring quality. In contrast, long interbirth intervals may bolster offspring quality while reducing overall reproductive output. Further research is needed to determine whether this relationship holds among primates, which have intensive parental ...

Microbial communities in soil macro-aggregates with less connected networks respire less across successional and geographic gradients Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp University of Antwerp

Daquan Sun, Qiang Lin, Gerrit Angst, Lidong Huang, Csecserits Anikó, Willem-Jan Emsens, Ruurd van Diggelen, Jakub Vicena, Tomáš Cajthaml, Jan Frouz, et al.
The formation of soil aggregates is related to the stability of soil organic carbon, which distinguishes the living conditions of microbial communities in different micro-niches. Here, we investigated fungal and bacterial community structure, networks, biomass and respiration in individual micro-niches between and within soil aggregates using seven different chronosequences (both primary and secondary successions from pioneer stages to ...

Physical, behavioral, and hormonal changes in the resumption of sexual receptivity during postpartum infertility in female bonobos at Wamba Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Chie Hashimoto, H. Ryu, K. Mouri, K Shimizu, Tetsuya Sakamaki, Takeshi Furuichi
The operational sex ratio (OSR) is used as a predictor for the intensity of mating competition. While many factors affect the OSR, there tends to be a high male bias in primate species with long interbirth intervals and non-seasonal breeding, such as hominid apes. However, the OSR of bonobos (Pan paniscus) is lower than that of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), which is thought to reduce competitive and aggressive male behaviors. The low OSR of ...

Methods to measure biological sounds and assess their drivers in a tropical forest Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Johan Diepstraten, James Kuemo Kuenbou, Jacob Willie
The study of soundscapes and biological sounds is becoming the focus of increasing scientific attention. Studying biological sounds involves the deployment of acoustic sensors to record sounds and the identification of animal species and other sources of sound in audio recordings. In addition, data extracted from audio recordings may be pooled together with ecological and human activity data to investigate the drivers of biological sounds. We ...

Population dynamics and genetic connectivity in recent chimpanzee history Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

C. Fontsere, M. Kuhlwilm, C. Morcillo-Suarez, M. Alvarez-Estape, Jack D. Lester, Paolo Gratton, J.M. Schmidt, Paula Dieguez, Thierry Aebischer, Paula Álvarez Varona, et al.
Knowledge on the population history of endangered species is critical for conservation, but whole-genome data on chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is geographically sparse. Here, we produced the first non-invasive geolocalized catalog of genomic diversity by capturing chromosome 21 from 828 non-invasive samples collected at 48 sampling sites across Africa. The four recognized subspecies show clear genetic differentiation correlating with known ...

The aeroecology of atmospheric convergence zones: the case of pallid swifts Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Lyndon Kearsley, Nathan Ranc, Christoph M. Meier, Carlos Miguel Pacheco, Pedro Henriques, Gonçalo Elias, Martin Poot, Andy Williams, Luís T. Costa, Philippe Helsen, et al.
Trans-Saharan migratory bird species encounter large scale seasonal atmospheric convergence zones, where opposing monsoon and continental air masses meet. These macro-scale atmospheric conditions determine local weather, influence migratory and foraging behaviour and seasonal bird survival rates. Here, we investigate the flight behaviour of pallid swifts Apus pallidus, a small aerial insectivore, in relation to non-breeding season atmospheric ...

Gastrointestinal parasites of Leontopithecus chrysomelas in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil [Parasitas gastrintestinais de Leontopithecus chrysomelas na Floresta Atlântica, Brasil] Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

Lilian Catenacci, J.B.S. Oliveira, Kristel De Vleeschouwer, Leonardo C. Oliveira, Sharon L. Deem, S.C. de Sousa Júnior, K.R. Dos Santos
We performed coproparasitological testing of free-living golden-headed lion tamarins, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, using the Hoffmann-Pons-Janner method. In total, we collected 118 samples from ten groups: four living in Federal Protected Area and six living in Non-Protected Areas of cocoa farms. Eggs from parasites of the Acanthocephala phylum and Spiruridae, Ancylostomatidae, Ascarididae and Oxyuridae families were identified, as well as the ...