Title Participants "Through the linguistic silk road: The exchange between Cognitive Sociolinguistics and Chinese Linguistics, and its future prospects" "Yi Li, Weiwei Zhang" "The reception of cognitive linguistics in French linguistics" "Dirk Geeraerts" "Meaning and interpretation: the semiotic similarities and differences between cognitive grammar and European structural linguistics" "Klaas Willems" "On constructing a research model for historical cognitive linguistics (HCL): Some theoretical considerations." "Nathalie Gontier, Roslyn Frank" "This paper examines how historical cognitive linguistics can benefit methodologicallythrough the application of the notion of language as a complex adaptive system. The ideathat languages are complex adaptive systems (CAS) was introduced initially in computationalevolutionary linguistics, a discipline that was and remains inspired by biological,systems theoretical approaches to the evolution of life. Here the way that the CAS approachserves to replace older historical linguistic notions of languages as organisms andlanguages as species is explained as well as how the CAS approach can be generalizedto encompass linguistic domains. Specifically, an overview of the CAS approach and itsimplementation in linguistics is provided with an emphasis on stigmergic, embodied,usage-based and socio-culturally situated language studies in particular." "The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics" "Dirk Geeraerts, Hubert Cuyckens" "© 2007 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the main theoretical concepts and descriptive/theoretical models of cognitive linguistics, and covers its various subfields, theoretical as well as applied. It starts with a set of articles discussing different conceptual phenomena that are recognized as key concepts in cognitive linguistics: prototypicality, metaphor, metonymy, embodiment, perspectivization, mental spaces, etc. A second set of articles deals with cognitive grammar, construction grammar, and word grammar, which, each in their own way, bring together the basic concepts into a particular theory of grammar and a specific model for the description of grammatical phenomena. Special attention is given to the interrelation between cognitive and construction grammar. A third set of articles compares cognitive linguistics with other forms of linguistic research (functional linguistics, autonomous linguistics, and the history of linguistics), thus aiming to provide a better grip on the position of cognitive linguistics within the landscape of linguistics at large. The remaining articles apply these basic notions to various more specific linguistic domains, illustrating how cognitive linguistics deals with the traditional linguistic subdomains (phonology, morphology, lexicon, syntax, text, and discourse), and demonstrating how it handles linguistic variation and change. Finally, the book considers its importance in the domain of applied linguistics, and looks at interdisciplinary links with research fields such as philosophy and psychology." "Cognitive Linguistics and interactional discourse: time to enter into dialogue" "Geert Brône" "Usage-based theories hold that the sole resource for language users’ linguistic systems is language use (Barlow & Kemmer, 2000; Langacker, 1988; Tomasello, 1999, 2003). Researchers working in the usage-based paradigm, which is often equated with cognitive-functional linguistics (e.g., Ibbotson, 2013, Tomasello, 2003), seem to widely agree that the primary setting for language use is interaction, with spontaneous face-to-face interaction playing a primordial role (e.g., Bybee, 2010; Clark, 1996; Geeraerts & Cuyckens, 2007; Langacker, 2008; Oakley & Hougaard, 2008; Zlatev, 2014). It should, then, follow that usage-based models of language are not only compatible with evidence from communication research but also that they are intrinsically grounded in authentic, multi-party language use in all its diversity and complexities. This should be a logical consequence, as a usage-based understanding of language processing and human sense-making cannot be separated from the study of interaction. However, the overwhelming majority of the literature in Cognitive Linguistics (CL) does not deal with the analysis of dialogic data or with issues of interactional conceptualization. It is our firm belief that this is at odds with the interactional foundation of the usage-based hypothesis. Furthermore, we are convinced that an ‘interactional turn’ is not only essential to the credibility and further development of Cognitive Linguistics as a theory of language and cognition as such. Rather, CL-inspired perspectives on interactional language use may provide insights that other, non-cognitive approaches to discourse and interaction are bound to overlook. To that aim, this special issue brings together four contributions that involve the analysis of interactional discourse phenomena by drawing on tools and methods from the broad field of Cognitive Linguistics." "Textual Choices in Discourse: A view from cognitive linguistics" "In recent years, research in cognitive linguistics has expanded its interests to cover a variety of texts – spoken, written, or multimodal. Analytical tools such as conceptual metaphor, frame semantics, mental spaces and grammatical constructions have been productively applied in various discourse contexts. In this volume, originally published as a special issue of English Text Construction 3:2 (2010), the contributors, a mix of established and emerging authors in the field, analyse broadcast and print journalism, argumentative scientific discourse, radio lectures on music, and the main literary genres (the poetry of Szymborska and bpNichol, the drama of Shakespeare, the modernist prose of Virginia Woolf and recent fiction by John Banville). Collectively the findings suggest a need to broaden and refine the cognitive linguistic repertoire, while also uncovering new ways to interpret textual data. The book will appeal to researchers and graduate students with interests in cognitive poetics and linguistics, stylistics, pragmatics and construction grammar." "A Cognitive Linguistics Approach to the Discourse of Drug Information for Experts and Patients" "Cornelia Wermuth" "The aim of this paper is to explore in greater detail the cognitive processes underlying the medical discourse used in written drug information for medical specialists and patients. Starting from a case study based on documents in English issued by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) we will provide some insights into the ways how drug-related issues such as the administration, use and possible side effects of drugs are conceptualized and linguistically encoded in an expert vs. non-expert setting. Despite substantial differences in terms of content and wording (X) the text types under investigation are very similar in terms of text function and structure. Both represent pragmatic texts designed to accurately convey procedural information in order to help experts and patients to make informed decisions about a drug’s therapeutic use (Wright 1999, 85; Dickinson 2003). In the case of the expert-oriented Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) this is achieved by using specialized language, in the case of the patient leaflet (PL) by presenting the expert knowledge in a re-conceptualized format conform to the patients’ background knowledge, linguistic skills, needs and expectations. We will focus on examples which illustrate the impact of the experienced world on the specialist vs. non-specialist conceptualization and linguistic encoding of drug-related knowledge in both text types. The analysis will be carried out on different linguistic levels in order to account for pragmatic, lexical, syntactic, and stylistic phenomena associated with the setting-specific coding of specialized knowledge. Hereby, the role of contextual information in the representation of specialized knowledge units in PL’s will be an important aspect as well. Using Cognitive Linguistics, and more particularly, Frame-based Terminology (Faber et al. 2006, 2007) and Frame Semantics (Fillmore 1982, 2006; Fillmore and Atkins 1998) as a methodological framework this investigation leads to results that should demonstrate the usefulness of a conceptually driven approach to the study of specialized and popularized functional medical texts." "Methodological issues in corpus-based cognitive linguistics" "Kris Heylen, José Tummers, Dirk Geeraerts" "© 2008 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. All rights reserved. A current trend in Cognitive Linguistics is the growing interest in empirical methods for linguistic analysis. Two groups of researchers, centred around Gries and Stefanowitsch (G & S) and around Geeraerts, Speelman and Grondelaers (QLVL), have relatively independently from each other tried to develop a methodology for empirical research in Cognitive Linguistics that is based on thorough quantitative analysis of corpus data. This article discusses a number of case studies into syntactic variation of both approaches. It points out some of the methodological differences between them and compares how they deal with the inherent challenges posed by the spontaneous usage represented in corpora: Both approaches use multivariate statistics to deal with the simultaneous effect of multiple factors, but G & S have additionally developed methods to study the interaction between lexical variability and syntactic variation. On the other hand, G & S take a strongly psycholinguistic perspective on syntactic variation that tends to disregard the offline nature and sociolinguistic heterogeneity of corpus data. These latter two properties are a central concern of QLVL." "Cognitive Contact Linguistics. The macro, meso and micro influence of English on Dutch." "Eline Zenner" "This dissertation presents four multifactorial corpus-based studies describing the influence of English on the two main national varieties of Dutch. Overall, this study aims at three different goals. The first, and most modest goal, is to add to the description of the Dutch-English contact situation. Although the main focus of this work is put on lexical borrowing, a second and more ambitious goal is to illustrate how the study of language contact can be developed simultaneously for three levels of contact: the macro-level (English as a language for communication), the micro-level, (lexical borrowing), and the meso-level (codeswitching and borrowed phraseology). As its most ambitious goal, this study sets out to make a case for Cognitive Contact Linguistics, a new cross-(sub)disciplinary paradigm in which core concepts and theories of Cognitive (Socio)Linguistics are introduced to the field of contact linguistics. To achieve these goals, four case studies are conducted, based on three different (and highly complementary) datasets.English spreads in two different ways. On the one hand, it is more and more used as a language for communication. On the other hand, English intrudes in European languages by means of lexical borrowing. Intriguingly, macro and micro level research have largely developed independently from each other. The first case study sets out to discover to what extent this lack of communication between the paradigms is warranted. Based on a diachronic corpus of over 16 000 job ads collected from the Belgian Dutch job ad magazine Vacature and the Netherlandic Dutch Intermediair, factors underlying macro-level language choice (what determines whether an ad is written in Dutch or in English) and micro-level language choice (in Dutch ads, what determines whether English is used in the job titles) are compared. The data are analysed by means of a new visual representation technique that is based on the confidence intervals around logistic regression estimates. Overall, the results show striking parallels for the use of English at the two levels: both macro- and micro-level English have grown rapidly over the past decades and are mainly used in Anglo-Saxon and internationally oriented industries (pharmaceutical industry, IT and consultancy) and for Anglo-Saxon oriented jobs (mainly IT jobs). However, the results also reveal some differences. Most importantly, in Belgian Dutch, less English words are used in the occupational title than in Netherlandic Dutch. For the macro-level, the pattern is reversed: ads written entirely in English are more frequent in Vacature than in Intermediair.The next two case studies rely on two large, syntactically parsed and lemmatized Dutch newspaper corpora, together comprising over one billion words. The studies present an onomasiological success measure for loanwords: the success of an anglicism is defined as the relative preference for the anglicism vis-à-vis existing synonymous expressions. Both case studies present a mixedeffect regression model to pattern variation in the use and success of about 150 English person reference nouns (i.e. common nouns used to designate people such as manager, babysitter) in Dutch. The first study empirically assesses which of a number of possible motivations for the use of loanwords (lexical gaps, speech economy) influences variation in the success of this group of anglicisms. Results show the predominance of lexical gaps and entrenchment in explaining variation in the use of anglicisms. The second study disentangles some issues with the traditional claim that core vocabulary is highly resistant to borrowing, proposing a usage-based operationalization of coreness in terms of entrenchment, and of borrowability in terms of onomasiological success. Results show how there indeed exists an inversely proportional relationship between the success of the English nouns and the degree of coreness/entrenchment of the concept lexicalized by the loanword. For both studies, no significant differences were found in the use of English in the Netherlandic Dutch and Belgian Dutch corpus.The final case study addresses the remaining question of the social meaning of English insertions in Dutch. To this end, a series of analyses on the use of English in three seasons of the Dutch reality TV show Expeditie Robinson is conducted. First, the prototypical speaker of and the prototypical context for the use of English in non-referential language use is defined based on a logistic regression model. Second, the chapter zooms in on creative uses of the prototype, most notably in the form of accommodation patterns. Next, the different types of English elements occurring in the data are discussed, zooming in on the possibility of borrowed phraseology. Finally, a more qualitative analysis is presented which shows how such borrowed multi word units are used online in discourse to create social meaning. No significant differences were found between the Flemish and Dutch participants. Together with the results from the previous studies, this can lead to the (tentative) conclusion that (as concerns English) the Flemish purism, part of the Belgian Dutch standardization process, is no more than a historical legacy that is well beyond its peak."