Title Participants "Does scapular positioning predict shoulder pain? A 2-year prospective study in an overhead athlete population Oral presentation at the 14th VK Symposium: ""Kinesiology in Flanders: Brain drain versus brain gain"", Leuven, December 17, 2009. Abstract" "Filip Struyf, S. Mottram, Steven Truijen" "Kinesiology in flanders: brain drain versus brain gain: verslag symposium Vereniging voor Kinesiologie" "Wim Derave" "Train Your Brain? Can We Really Selectively Train Specific EEG Frequencies With Neurofeedback Training" "Emilie Dessy, Olivier Mairesse, Martine Van Puyvelde, Aisha Cortoos, Xavier Neyt, Nathalie Pattyn" "Neurofeedback (NFB) is an operant conditioning procedure whereby an individual learns to self-regulate the electrical activity of his/her brain. Initially developed as a treatment intervention for pathologies with underlying EEG dysfunctions, NFB is also used as a training tool to enhance specific cognitive states required in high-performance situations. The original idea behind the NFB training effect is that the changes should only be circumscribed to the trained EEG frequencies. The EEG frequencies which are not used as feedback frequencies should be independent and not affected by the neurofeedback training. Despite the success of sensorimotor rhythm NFB training in cognitive performance enhancement, it remains unclear whether all participants can intentionally modify the power densities of specifically selected electroencephalographic (EEG) frequencies. In the present study, participants were randomly assigned to either a control heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback (HRV) training group or a combination of HRV biofeedback and neurofeedback (HRV/NFB) training group. This randomized mixed design experiment consisted of two introductory theoretical lessons and a training period of 6 weeks. We investigated the evolution of the different EEG frequency bands of our two experimental groups across and within session. All the participants exhibited EEG changes across and within session. However, within the HRV/NFB training group, untrained EEG frequencies have been significantly modified, unlike some of the trained frequencies. Moreover, EEG activity was modified in both the HRV group and the HRV/NFB groups. Hence, the EEG changes were not only circumscribed to the trained frequency bands or to the training modality." "Mother-child similarity in brain morphology : a comparison of structural characteristics of the brain's reading network" "Lynn Fehlbaum, Lien Peters, Plamina Dimanova, Margot Roell, Reka Borbas, Daniel Ansari, Nora M. Raschle" "Background: Substantial evidence acknowledges the complex gene-environment interplay impacting brain development and learning. Intergenerational neuroimaging allows the assessment of familial transfer effects on brain structure, function and behavior by investigating neural similarity in caregiver-child dyads. Methods: Neural similarity in the human reading network was assessed through well-used measures of brain structure (i.e., surface area (SA), gyrification (lG), sulcal morphology, gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT)) in 69 mother-child dyads (children's age similar to 11 y). Regions of interest for the reading network included left-hemispheric inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe and fusiform gyrus. Mother-child similarity was quantified by correlation coefficients and familial specificity was tested by comparison to random adult-child dyads. Sulcal morphology analyses focused on occipitotemporal sulcus interruptions and similarity was assessed by chi-square goodness of fit. Results: Significant structural brain similarity was observed for mother-child dyads in the reading network for lG, SA and GMV (r = 0.349/0.534/0.542, respectively), but not CT. Sulcal morphology associations were non-significant. Structural brain similarity in lG, SA and GMV were specific to mother-child pairs. Furthermore, structural brain similarity for SA and GMV was higher compared to CT. Conclusion: Intergenerational neuroimaging techniques promise to enhance our knowledge of familial transfer effects on brain development and disorders." "Distributing Cognition: From Local Brains to the Global Brain" "Clement Vidal" "We show how the externalization of our local brain functions is leading to a planetary level intelligence, or global brain. We argue that this mechanism of externalizing cognitive functions is a fundamental driver towards an ever smarter human-machine symbiosis. We discuss implications and applications of externalizing various cognitive functions such as memory, computation, hearing, vision, brainstorming, reasoning, navigation, emotions and actions. We illustrate what such technological advanced could lead to, with a fictional story of a day in year 2060. We then take a top-down approach, and argue that this progressive externalization helps to better understand, foresee and facilitate the emergence of a globally distributed intelligence, best conceptualized as a global brain. We discuss different symbioses between biology and machines, and what would be the elementary elements composing the global brain. We finally embrace a broader cosmic perspective and argue that even if the singularity is near, an energetic bottleneck is nearer. We suggest that other extraterrestrial global brains in the universe might have successfully dealt with this energetic bottleneck." "How to train an injured brain? A pilot feasibility study of home-based computerized cognitive training" "Helena Verhelst, Catharine Vander Linden, Guy Vingerhoets, Karen Caeyenberghs" "Suicidal brains : the association between structural brain characteristics and the vulnerability to suicidal behaviour" "Stijn Bijttebier" "Commercializing science: Is there a university 'brain drain' from academic entrepreneurship?" "Dirk Czarnitzki" "When academic researchers participate in commercialization using for-profit firms, there is a potentially costly trade-off—their time and effort are diverted away from academic knowledge production. This is a form of brain drain on the not-for-profit research sector that may reduce knowledge accumulation and adversely impact long-run economic growth. In this paper, we examine the economic significance of the brain drain phenomenon using scientist-level panel data. We identify life scientists who start or join for-profit firms using information from the Small Business Innovation Research program and analyze the research performance of these scientists relative to a control group of randomly selected research peers. Combining our statistical results with data on the number of university spin-offs in the United States from 1994 to 2004, we find the academic brain drain has a nontrivial impact on knowledge production in the not-for-profit research sector." "Interfacing Hearing Implants with the Brain: Closing the Loop with Intracochlear Brain Recordings" "Ben Somers, Jonas Vanthornhout, Eline Verschueren, Tom Francart" "De brain drain in de gezondheidssector, een geschenk uit het Zuiden" "Bruno Marchal, Guy Kegels"