Title Participants Abstract "Gastrointestinal syndromes preceding a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: testing Braak's hypothesis using a nationwide database for comparison with Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular diseases" "Jan Tack" "OBJECTIVE: Braak's hypothesis states that Parkinson's disease (PD) originates in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and similar associations have been established for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to determine the incidence of GI syndromes and interventions preceding PD compared with negative controls (NCs), AD and CVD. DESIGN: We performed a combined case-control and cohort study using TriNetX, a US based nationwide medical record network. Firstly, we compared subjects with new onset idiopathic PD with matched NCs and patients with contemporary diagnoses of AD and CVD, to investigate preceding GI syndromes, appendectomy and vagotomy. Secondly, we compared cohorts with these exposures to matched NCs for the development of PD, AD and CVD within 5 years. RESULTS: We identified 24 624 PD patients in the case-control analysis and matched 18 cohorts with each exposure to their NCs. Gastroparesis, dysphagia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) without diarrhoea and constipation showed specific associations with PD (vs NCs, AD and CVD) in both the case-control (odds ratios (ORs) vs NCs 4.64, 3.58, 3.53 and 3.32, respectively, all p" "Secondary autoimmune diseases occurring after HSCT for an autoimmune disease: a retrospective study of the EBMT Autoimmune Disease Working Party" "Bénédicte Dubois" "To specify the incidence and risk factors for secondary autoimmune diseases (ADs) after HSCT for a primary AD, we retrospectively analyzed AD patients treated by HSCT reported to EBMT from 1995 to 2009 with at least 1 secondary AD (cases) and those without (controls). After autologous HSCT, 29 of 347 patients developed at least 1 secondary AD within 21.9 (0.6-49) months and after allogeneic HSCT, 3 of 16 patients. The observed secondary ADs included: autoimmune hemolytic anemia (n = 3), acquired hemo- philia (n = 3), autoimmune thrombocytopenia (n = 3), antiphospholipid syndrome (n = 2), thyroiditis (n = 12), blocking thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (n = 1), Graves disease (n = 2), myasthenia gravis (n = 1), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 2), sarcoidosis (n = 2), vasculitis (n = 1), psoriasis (n = 1), and psoriatic arthritis (n = 1). After autologous HSCT for primary AD, the cumulative incidence of secondary AD was 9.8% +/- 2% at 5 years. Lupus erythematosus as primary AD, and antithymocyte globulin use plus CD34(+) graft selection were important risk factors for secondary AD by multivariate analysis. With a median follow-up of 6.2 (0.54-11) years after autologous HSCT, 26 of 29 patients with secondary AD were alive, 2 died during their secondary AD (antiphospholipid syndrome, hemophilia), and 1 death was HSCT-related. This European multicenter study underlines the need for careful management and follow-up for secondary AD after HSCT. (Blood. 2011;118(6):1693-1698)" "An update on the use of tolvaptan for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: consensus statement on behalf of the ERA Working Group on Inherited Kidney Disorders, the European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network and Polycystic Kidney Disease Inte" "Djalila Mekahli" "Approval of the vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan-based on the landmark TEMPO 3:4 trial-marked a transformation in the management of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This development has advanced patient care in ADPKD from general measures to prevent progression of chronic kidney disease to targeting disease-specific mechanisms. However, considering the long-term nature of this treatment, as well as potential side effects, evidence-based approaches to initiate treatment only in patients with rapidly progressing disease are crucial. In 2016, the position statement issued by the European Renal Association (ERA) was the first society-based recommendation on the use of tolvaptan and has served as a widely used decision-making tool for nephrologists. Since then, considerable practical experience regarding the use of tolvaptan in ADPKD has accumulated. More importantly, additional data from REPRISE, a second randomized clinical trial (RCT) examining the use of tolvaptan in later-stage disease, have added important evidence to the field, as have post hoc studies of these RCTs. To incorporate this new knowledge, we provide an updated algorithm to guide patient selection for treatment with tolvaptan and add practical advice for its use." "Time to Revisit Disease Classification in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Is the Current Classification of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Good Enough for Optimal Clinical Management?" "Bram Verstockt" "Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), historically subdivided into Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a very heterogeneous condition. While the tendency in medicine is to try to reduce complexity, IBD is a disease that cannot justify a one-size-fits-all principle. Our current clinical classification tools are suboptimal and need further refinement to capture, at least in part, the variety of phenotypes encountered in daily clinical practice. Although these revised classification tools alone will not be sufficient and should be complemented by more detailed molecular subclassifications, optimized clinical phenotypes can contribute to improved trial designs, future translational research approaches, and better treatment outcomes. In the current review, we discuss key clinical features important in IBD disease heterogeneity, tackle limitations of the current classification systems, propose some potential improvements, and raise priorities for future research in this domain." "Clinical outcomes in polycystic liver disease comparing autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease with autosomal polycystic kidney disease: results of the PLD registry" "R Van Aerts, ME de Jong, H Kim, Frederik Nevens, C Ahn, J Drenth" "Nurse-coordinated multidisciplinary, family-based cardiovascular disease prevention programme (EUROACTION) for patients with coronary heart disease and asymptomatic individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a paired, cluster-randomised controlle" "DA WOOD, K KOTSEVA, S CONNOLLY, C JENNINGS, A MEAD, J JONES, A HOLDEN, Dirk De Bacquer, T COLLIER, Gui De Backer, O FAERGEMAN" "Leveraging consanguinity in inherited retinal diseases uncovers missing genetic variation : rare novel disease genes and a multitude of novel variants in known disease genes" "Kristof Van Schil, Sarah Naessens, Stijn Van de Sompele, Nuria Gruartmoner Roura, Katharina Dannhausen, Sarah De Jaegere, Maxim Vanpanteghem, Marcus Karlstetter, Bryan Tsou, Thomas Langmann, Françoise Meire, Reza Maroofian, Andrew H Crosby, Irina Balikova, Michel Van Lint, Andrew Webster, Michel Michaelides" "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease: a comprehensive review" "Lies Lahousse, Henning Tiemeier, M Arfan Ikram" "Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990–2017 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study" "Periklis Charalampous, Elena Pallari, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Nicos Middleton, Mary Economou, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Juanita A. Haagsma" "Inequalities in the burden of non-communicable diseases across European countries : a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study" "Carlos Alexandre Soares Andrade, Nour Mahrouseh, Jonila Gabrani, Periklis Charalampous, Sarah Cuschieri, Diana Alecsandra Grad, Brigid Unim, Enkeleint A. Mechili, José Chen-Xu, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Gaetano Isola, Elena von der Lippe, Carl Michael Baravelli, Florian Fischer, Nanna Weye, Mirza Balaj, Romana Haneef, Mary Economou, Juanita A. Haagsma, Orsolya Varga"