Title Participants Abstract "The effects of discourse coherence on the persistence of sentence structures" "Chi Zhang, Sarah Bernolet, Robert J. Hartsuiker" "We studied the role of discourse coherence relations on structure formulation in sentence production by examining whether a connective, an essential signal of coherence relations, modulates the tendency for speakers to reuse sentence structures (i.e., structural priming). We further examined three possible modulating factors: the type of connectives (additive vs. adversative connective), event similarity (similar event vs. different event), and topic cohesion (with or without available anaphoric antecedent). In four structural priming experiments, native Dutch participants were asked to read either a Dutch double object sentence or a prepositional object sentence and describe pictures that depicted ditransitive events. Critically, the prime and the target either were linked by a connective (en “and” or maar “but”) or were not linked. The verb overlap between the prime and the target was also manipulated. In Experiment 1, the presence of en facilitated structural priming, but only when the verbs were different. In Experiment 2, maar reduced structural priming when the verbs were repeated. Experiment 3 replicated the findings of Experiments 1 and 2 in a within-subjects design. In Experiment 4, there was no referential link between the sentences. Now there was no connective effect on structural priming. Taken together, we demonstrated that the insertion of a connective influences syntactic persistence. The connective effects vary across semantic properties of the connectives, event similarity, and referential continuity, suggesting that the production of sentence structure is modulated by speakers’ prediction about listeners’ inference of coherence relations between consecutive utterances." "Measuring non-linearity of multi-session writing processes" "Floor Buschenhenke, Rianne Conijn, Luuk Van Waes" "When (professional) authors work on their texts, they frequently 'jump' around their document to make textual changes and create new content at a wide range of locations. Currently, a range of linearity measures are available to capture this, some of which requiring time-intensive manual coding. Linearity metrics are commonly calculated based on the leading edge and are mostly used for short texts and single writing sessions. However, especially for longer, multi-session writing processes, text can often be created at various spaces, not necessarily including the leading edge. Accordingly, the leading edge is not enough to distinguish between linear production and non-linear text alterations. Therefore, in the current study, we propose a novel, more flexible, automatized non-linearity analysis, which does not solely rely on the leading edge. In this approach, all backwards and forwards cursor and mouse operations from the point of utterance are extracted from keystroke data, and characterized both based on duration and distance. This results in a detailed list of characteristics per writing episode, allowing us to compare and group episodes of writing at various scales. We illustrate this approach by analysing the writing process of a complete novel based on close to 400 writing sessions totalling 276 h of writing. The results show that the current non-linearity analysis allows us to successfully cluster writing sessions using the non-linearity characteristics. This analysis can be used to find patterns in non-linearity over time, allowing us to chart interactions with the text-produced-so-far and session management strategies in multi-session writing." "Modelling typing disfluencies as finite mixture process" "Jens Roeser, Sven De Maeyer, Mariëlle Leijten, Luuk Van Waes" "To writing anything on a keyboard at all requires us to know first what to type, then to activate motor programmes for finger movements, and execute these. An interruption in the information flow at any of these stages leads to disfluencies. To capture this combination of fluent typing and typing hesitations, researchers calculate different measures from keystroke-latency data-such as mean inter-keystroke interval and pause frequencies. There are two fundamental problems with this: first, summary statistics ignore important information in the data and frequently result in biased estimates; second, pauses and pause-related measures are defined using threshold values which are, in principle, arbitrary. We implemented a series of Bayesian models that aimed to address both issues while providing reliable estimates for individual typing speed and statistically inferred process disfluencies. We tested these models on a random sample of 250 copy-task recordings. Our results illustrate that we can model copy typing as a mixture process of fluent and disfluent key transitions. We conclude that mixture models (1) map onto the information cascade that generate keystrokes, and (2) provide a principled approach to detect disfluencies in keyboard typing." "(Desti)nation branding and image repair strategies in Mexico" "Kim Van der Zwalmen, Cristina Homsi, Lieve Vangehuchten" "This study analyses the use of image repair strategies and destination marketing techniques in online touristic promotional materials (Instagram posts) from Mexico, a long-standing pop-ular destination which reputation was damaged by crime-related crises. To gain a positive (desti)nation image and a competitive edge in a globalised world, nations employ (desti)nation branding strategies to differentiate themselves. Crisis communication techniques, like Benoit’s (1997) Image Restoration Strategies and Coombs’ (2007) Situational Crisis Communication Theory can be used in the case of a negative image. Previous research also developed frameworks aimed at recovery marketing in a context of (desti)nation branding, like Avraham and Ketter’s (2008a) Source-Audience-Message strategies and Walters and Mair’s (2012) Tourism Disaster Recovery Messages. This research investigates image repair strategies used in Mexico’s promotional content, their combinations, and variations in English and Spanish corpora. A qualitative case study of 27 English and 43 Spanish posts in NVivo used grounded theory and iterative coding informed by prior research and our data. Results show strategies from destination branding-related frameworks were found most often. The English corpus emphasised a feeling of proximity with its target audience, while the Spanish-language content showed a wider variety of strategies due to its diversity. These results are useful for researchers and place marketers, highlighting the importance of using relevant strategies and understanding the target audience. Additionally, as a theoretical contribution to this field of study, we propose a new integrated framework for destination branding research." "The impact of collaborative processes on target text quality in translator training" "Gys-Walt Van Egdom, Iris Schrijver, Heidi Verplaetse, Winibert Segers" "This article explores the impact of collaboration on target text quality in translator training. By comparing team translations with those by individual peers, and analysing the highest and lowest scoring teams, the authors aimed to understand the impact of collaboration on quality. The comparison indicates that translations in a skills lab setting marginally outperform individual translations, but that carelessness is more likely to be observed in the intermediate individual target texts produced in a collaborative setting." "What goes on behind the scenes? Exploring status perceptions, working conditions and job satisfaction of audio describers" "Alicja Zajdel, Iris Schrijver, Anna Jankowska" "This paper explores the working conditions, status perceptions and job satisfaction of audio describers, professionals involved in the process of producing audio description for individuals with visual impairments. The study employed an online questionnaire to gather insights from a total of 150 respondents working as professional describers. The main findings reveal a prevailing sense of invisibility among audio describers as a professional group in society. Furthermore, respondents expressed dissatisfaction with their income level and the inherent lack of job stability in the audio description profession. This was particularly prominent among freelancers, as opposed to in-house audio describers. Despite these challenges, respondents in this study exhibited a high overall level of job satisfaction, echoing a paradox also present in studies on translators. This satisfaction is primarily attributed to the opportunity to utilise their skills and expertise while making a meaningful impact on the lives of others." "Comparing L2 translation, translation revision, and post-editing competences in translation trainees" "Isabelle Robert, Iris Schrijver, Jim Ureel" "Translation proper is rarely the sole activity that translators undertake in today’s translation market. Translators regularly function as revisers or post-editors, requiring them to check human or machine translations to make or recommend changes to improve translation quality. Various construct and performance models of and studies into translation competence (TC), translation revision competence (TRC), and post-editing competence (PEC) exist. However, a fundamental question remains unanswered to date: how similar or different TC, TRC, and PEC are. Using indirect translations (L1 Dutch, L2 French), we collected and analyzed translation, translation revision (TR), and post-editing (PE) data from 11 graduate translation trainees. Our exploratory study shows that TRC and PEC appear to have different competences, with trainees performing better for TR than PE. However, TRC and PEC do appear to have a common core, which does not differ significantly across tasks: problem detection." "Bridging the writing gap in studying language related disorders" "Åsa Wengelin, Ingrid Henriksson, Luuk Van Waes" "Analysing writing processes of people with language, mental, cognitive or physical disorders" "Luuk Van Waes, Asa Wengelin, Ingrid Henriksson" "Cross-language influences in L2 syntactic processing and production in late L2 learners" "Merel Muylle, Robert Hartsuiker, Sarah Bernolet" "Is syntactic processing in a second language (L2) influenced by the first language? This chapter reviews studies that address this issue, with an emphasis on work testing cross-linguistic structural priming. Such priming may indicate that the speaker has shared or connected syntactic representations across languages. We first sketch two types of theories of L2 syntactic representations: theories assuming that syntactic sharing increases with experience, and those assuming the opposite trajectory. We then review studies that found cross-linguistic priming in production and in comprehension and discuss how factors such as lexical overlap, proficiency, word order, case marking, and linguistic distance modulate this effect. We conclude with a discussion of the findings in light of current theories of syntactic processing in L2."