Vapor-assisted scalable deposition methods for perovskite solar modules and monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Development of a thermal vacuum co-evaporation deposition process to establish high-performing photo-active perovskite layers with high uniformity and reproducibility. Appropriate characterization to relate the impact of process parameters with the layer quality. Subsequent integration of the photo-active layers in full functional solar cells, and comparison of the performance and stability with solution processed counterparts. Execution of mono-stress (thermal and light soak) as well as damp-heat testing, in combination with imaging techniques, to reveal degradation mechanisms for which mitigation strategies need to be developed. Development and comparison of interconnection processes based on laser ablation in large-area modules. Execution of stress tests on module level to identify the degradation mechanisms potentially induced by interconnections. Fabrication of tandem cells whereby the perovskite cell is deposited on top of a crystalline silicon cell, boosting the performance of the latter potentially beyond 30%.