Nonequilibrium graph theory

The main question of the PhD work is to investigate how nonequilibrium gravitational degrees influence physical processes in the early epoch of the universe. The PhD research will first focus on the early universe and ask the question how gravitational degrees of freedom have formed a nonequilibrium background or medium for the matter and energy evolution of the universe. One first hypothesis that needs to be sharpened and verified concerns the distortions of the Planck law. We conjecture that the low-frequency abundance in the cosmic microwave background as observed by e.g. ARCADE II mission, has its origin in nonequilibrium effects. Secondly, we focus on the presence of suprathermal tails in the electron velocity distribution in space plasmas. Here we conjecture a useful connection with active velocity processes as giving rise to stochastic acceleration in Taylor dispersion. The high energy localization in electronic degrees of freedom will, when coupled to a turbulent electromagnetic field, give rise to an abundance of high-energy electrons. A third theme is the observed recent accelerated expansion of the universe. The seeds of structure formation and fluctuations away from equilibrium may be important ingredients in deviations from a mean- field picture.