The architecture of innovative residential care as a blueprint for humane detention

Belgian prisons are facing structural problems like overcrowding, outdated infrastructure, and lack of privacy. Architecture is intrinsically linked to the pain and harm inflicted by incarceration. However, a shift in attitude is growing towards prisoners and the purpose of prisons, which are increasingly viewed as places of rehabilitation rather than punishment. Despite this evolution, a gap remains between theory and practice. Due to the inhumane conditions in (especially older, 19th-century) prisons, Belgium was repeatedly condemned by the European Court of Human Rights and received critical reports from the European anti-torture Committee. Although detention differs considerably from residential care, similar principles are circulating that characterize current social evolutions (e.g., normalization, (re)integration). Instead of starting from existing prison architecture and examining how it can be updated to current evolutions, this project starts from innovative residential care architecture and examines how it should be adapted to suit the context of detention. It will combine case studies of innovative residential care and detention projects, with participatory action research with future users. This will result in spatial concepts for humane detention, demonstrated in one or more design proposals for the first Belgian Detention House, and methods/techniques to foster support for such houses with and amongst various stakeholders from the start of the design process.