Sensors and Instruments

Physically, fracture in a material takes place as the release of stored strain energy, which is consumed by nucleating new external surfaces (cracks) and emitting elastic waves. The elastic waves propagate inside the material and are detected by an acoustic emission (AE) sensor. In this concern, important aspects are to select proper sensors and instrumental systems. Depending upon materials and structures, selection of sensors, decision of frequency range, techniques to eliminate noises and conditions for system setting are
to be taken carefully into account. Consequently, standardized procedures and requirements for systems are stated. They include the system response based on the linear-system theory, response of PZT element as a contact-type sensor, mounting of sensors and its aperture effect, instrumental bases and data acquisition.

Keywords:Linear-system theory - PZT element - Resonant frequency - Calibration - Sensor coupling, - Aperture effect

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