Internationalization of Social Enterprises

The topic of this PhD project is firm internationalization of hybrid organization. Specifically, the focus of the thesis would be on entry mode decision of hybrid organization. The multi-objectives nature of hybrid organization, typically economic and social objectives, complicates the scaling up of the value proposition and therefore requiring a new perspective on the choice of entry (i.e. extending/refining existing models and theories such as RBV or TCE). As an empirical context, we will use a sample of social enterprises that received social impact investment of social investors. By definition, these ventures have a growth orientation (and expectation from the investors) to scale to new geographical markets. These ventures would be identified through the portfolio lists from social impact investors made available via EVPA (European Venture Philanthropy Association).