Development of a biocompatible corneal endothelial cell based therapy to address global corneal donor shortage.

Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnC) regulate fluid and solute transport across the posterior surface of the human cornea and actively maintain the cornea in a dehydrated state, which is crucial for optical transparency.The dual function of the corneal endothelium is described as the "pump-leak hypothesis" which is essential to allow nutrition to the cornea whilst maintaining its avascularity and transparency.There is no evidence that human endothelial cells divide under normal circumstances as they are arrested in G1 phase of the cell cycle, although they can be induced to divide in vitro. When the amount of corneal endothelial cells decreases below a certain threshold, this cell layer can no longer pump sufficient fluid back to the anterior chamber, resulting in an irreversibly swollen, cloudy cornea. Despite its success, corneal transplantation (either full-thickness or partial) is limited worldwide by the shortage of suitable donor corneas incurring long waiting times. Initial progress to overcome this global shortage is the use of one donor cornea for multiple partial keratoplasties ("split-cornea transplantations"), by using one donor cornea for a partial endothelial and a stromal transplantation.This project aims to investigate ex vivo expansion of corneal endothelial cells to develop a cell sheet based therapy. This would overcome donor deficit that limits the treatment of corneal endotheliopathies. The principle is to expand primary human corneal endothelial cells isolated from human cadavers and to seed them on an ideal scaffolding material to introduce these cells in the patient. Specifically in this project we propose the expansion of human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnC) on human lens capsules to obtain a composite graft. The final goal of this project is a proof-of-principle of this functional cell sheet in a rabbit corneal endotheliopathy model.

Keywords:OPHTHALMIC DRUGS

Disciplines:Laboratory medicine, Palliative care and end-of-life care, Regenerative medicine, Other basic sciences, Other clinical sciences, Other health sciences, Nursing, Other paramedical sciences, Other translational sciences, Other medical and health sciences