Vascular adaptations to exercise: a role for the carnosine-histidine-histamine pathway?

Histamine plays an important role in the acute and chronic vascular adaptations to physical activity. An exercise-induced carnosine-histidine-histamine pathway is most likely an important mediator in these processes. Further insights into the underlying physiological mechanisms can lead to improved health guidelines concerning physical activity, but also to new and improved therapeutic strategies for chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.