Ultrasound- and microwave- assisted non- aqueous solvent extraction in milliflow reactors

To investigate the extraction of critical metals in flow reactors. To study the effects of ultrasound and microwaves on solvent extraction with non-aqueous fluids such as ionic liquids. To understand the potential of solvent extraction applied in flow reactors and actuated by alternative energy forms. Proof-of-principle that critical metals can be extracted in continuous flow reactors. Enhanced extraction rates achieved by the application of flow, ultrasound and microwaves, compared to conventional mixer-settler extraction.